Publications related to Water softening

Atmospheric water harvesting in semi-arid regions by membranes: A techno-economic assessment

Kumar Varoon Agrawal, Marina Micari, Xuekui Duan

The availability of a reliable and sufficient amount of water constitutes one of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. The provision of water is still challenging in many regions of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions ...

ELSEVIER2023

Dynamic environmental flows using hydrodynamic-based solutions for sustainable hydropower

Giovanni De Cesare, Paolo Perona

Water diversions from rivers and torrents for anthropic uses of the resource alter the natural flow regime. As a measure, environmental flows have been prescribed and often are enforced by law to follow policies (e.g., minimal flow, proportional redistribu ...

CRC Press/Balkema2023

Insights into the Horizontal and Vertical Profiles of Microplastics in a River Emptying into the Sea Affected by Intensive Anthropogenic Activities in Northern China

Florian Frédéric Vincent Breider, Yang Liu, Wenxin Liu

Studies focused only on surface water may underestimate microplastic abundance in aquatic environments. This was the first survey to investigate the vertical (surface, intermediate, and bottom waters) distribution and composition of microplastics (MPs) in ...

2021

Toward catchment hydro-biogeochemical theories

Andrea Rinaldo, Paolo Benettin, Ilja van Meerveld, Li Li

Headwater catchments are the fundamental units that connect the land to the ocean. Hydrological flow and biogeochemical processes are intricately coupled, yet their respective sciences have progressed without much integration. Reaction kinetic theories tha ...

WILEY2020

Metal Soap Membranes for Gas Separation

Kumar Varoon Agrawal, Jian Hao, Davide Campi, Deepu Joseph Babu, Qi Liu

Metal soaps or metal alkanoates are metal-organic complexes held together with metal cations and the functional groups of hydrocarbon chains. They can be synthesized at a high yield by simply mixing the metal and organic sources, forming crystalline framew ...

2020

Insights into the dynamics of the deep hypolimnion of Lake Geneva as revealed by long-term temperature, oxygen, and current measurements

Ulrich Lemmin

In order to identify or shed light on dominant long-term processes of the deep hypolimnion of Lake Geneva (309 m depth), time series of temperature and horizontal currents and profiles of temperature and oxygen, taken for over a decade in the deepest part ...

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography2020

Numerical investigation on water exchange of shale samples

Alessio Ferrari, Sara Incollingo

Interest in the hydraulic and mechanical characterization of shales has grown in recent years, because of their application in the context of energy geotechnics. In the frame of nuclear waste disposal shales are considered as host formations for the placem ...

E D P SCIENCES2020

Sustainable, Reshapable Surfactant-Polyelectrolyte Plastics Employing Water as a Plasticizer

Paul Joseph Dyson, Zhaofu Fei, Antoine Philippe Van Muyden, Zhangjun Huang, Haiyan Jia

Natural polymers such as those present in foods contain abundant noncovalent intra- and intermolecular interactions, notably hydrogen bonds, which make them rigid when dry, but on exposure to water soften, due to disruption of these interactions. This soft ...

2019

Assessment of the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on receiving streams using oligochaete communities of the porous matrix

Régis Lionel Vivien

Human activities can disturb the natural dynamics of exchanges between surface water and groundwater in rivers. Such exchanges contribute to the self-purification of the environment and an excess of infiltration can lead to contamination of groundwater. In ...

2019

Floodplain Land Cover and Flow Hydrodynamic Control of Overbank Sedimentation in Compound Channel Flows

Anton Schleiss, Mário Jorge Rodrigues Pereira Da Franca, Carmelo Juez Jiménez, Hannes Jenny

Overbank sedimentation is predominantly due to fine sediments transported under suspension that become trapped and settle in floodplains when high-flow conditions occur in rivers. In a compound channel, the processes of exchanging water and fine sediments ...

2019

Temperature dependence of water-water and ion-water correlations in bulk water and electrolyte solutions probed by femtosecond elastic second harmonic scattering

Sylvie Roke, Nathan Dupertuis, Yixing Chen, Halil Ibrahim Okur

The temperature dependence of the femtosecond elastic second harmonic scattering (fs-ESHS) response of bulk light and heavy water and their electrolyte solutions is presented. We observe clear temperature dependent changes in the hydrogen (H)-bond network ...

2018

Using small-scale measurements to estimate hypolimnetic oxygen depletion in a deep lake

Alfred Johny Wüest, Damien Bouffard, Robert Vincent Schwefel

Low oxygen concentrations in lakes and reservoirs are an ongoing environmental concern, particularly in light of increasing anthropogenic activity and climate change. Oxygen depletion processes in lakes are still not completely understood and a variety of ...

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography2018

Microhydration of Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 Complexes with K+, Rb+, and Cs+ Investigated by Cold UV and IR Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase

Thomas Rizzo, Yoshiya Inokuchi

In this Article, we examine the hydration structure of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) complexes with K+, Rb+, and Cs+ ion in the gas phase. We measure well-resolved UV photodissociation (UVPD) spectra of K+·DB18C6·(H2O)n, Rb+·DB18C6·(H2O)n, and Cs+·DB18C6·(H2 ...

2018

Communication: Mean-field theory of water-water correlations in electrolyte solutions

Michele Ceriotti, Sylvie Roke, David Mark Wilkins

Long-range ion induced water-water correlations were recently observed in femtosecond elastic second harmonic scattering experiments of electrolyte solutions. To further the qualitative understanding of these correlations, we derive an analytical expressio ...

American Institute of Physics2017

Piezoelectric softening by Nb substitution in (Ba,Pb)ZrO

Dragan Damjanovic, Nava Setter, Nicola Marzari, Alberto Biancoli, David Bahati

Donor doping is commonly applied for softening of the piezoelectric and dielectric properties and facilitation of polarization switching in the ubiquitous Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 [PZT] ceramics. The origin of the donor-dopant effects is not entirely clear. (Pb,Ba)ZrO ...

Wiley-Blackwell2017

Thermal water purification system and method for operating said system

Chin Lee Ong

The present invention relates to a thermal water purification system (10) for producing a distillate liquid from a raw liquid (LP, LB) comprising: - a plurality of distilling units (1 a-1h) which are consecutively flowed through by the raw feed liquid (LP, ...

2017

Copper-Catalyzed Formal [2+2+1] Heteroannulation of Alkenes, Alkylnitriles, and Water: Method Development and Application to a Total Synthesis of (±)-Sacidumlignan D

Qian Wang, Jieping Zhu, Minh Tu Ha, Claire Chatalova Sazepin

A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkenes, alkylnitriles, and water affords gamma-butyrolactones in good yields. The domino process involves an unprecedented hydroxy-cyanoalkylation of alkenes and subsequent lactonization with the creation of ...

Wiley-Blackwell2016

Water exchange studies of lanthanide complexes and aqua ions

Shima Karimi

Complexes of lanthanide (III) ions have been used in structural studies of biomolecules and as contrast agents (CA). Clinically approved CAs have only one water molecule in their first coordination sphere. Structure and water exchange rate of these complex ...

EPFL2016

Water Exchange on [Ln(DO3A)(H2O)2] and [Ln(DTTA–Me)(H2O)2]− Studied by Variable Temperature, Pressure, and Magnetic Field NMR

Lothar Helm, Shima Karimi

Water exchange kinetics of [Ln(L)(H2O)2]x complexes (Ln = Pr, Nd, Dy, Tm, and Yb; L = DO3A and DTTA–Me) were studied by 17O NMR spectroscopy as a function of temperature, pressure, and frequency and by 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion. Water excha ...

American Chemical Society2016

Complexation of [Gd(DTTA–Me)(H2O)2]− by Fluoride and Its Consequences to Water Exchange

Lothar Helm, Loïck Moriggi, Shima Karimi, Gail Ruth Hunter

The displacement of water molecule(s) from the inner coordination sphere of [Gd(DTTA–Me)(H2O)2]− (DTTA = ethylenetriamine-N,N,N″,N″-tetraacetate) by fluoride has been studied by multinuclear NMR relaxation (1H, 17O, 19F) and DFT calculations. Fluoride anio ...

American Chemical Society2016