Publications related to Backpropagation

Leveraging Continuous Time to Understand Momentum When Training Diagonal Linear Networks

Nicolas Henri Bernard Flammarion, Hristo Georgiev Papazov, Scott William Pesme

In this work, we investigate the effect of momentum on the optimisation trajectory of gradient descent. We leverage a continuous-time approach in the analysis of momentum gradient descent with step size

\gamma

and momentum parameter

\beta

that allows u ...

2024

Deep Learning Theory Through the Lens of Diagonal Linear Networks

Scott William Pesme

In this PhD manuscript, we explore optimisation phenomena which occur in complex neural networks through the lens of

2

-layer diagonal linear networks. This rudimentary architecture, which consists of a two layer feedforward linear network with a diagonal ...

EPFL2024

Safe Deep Neural Networks

Kyle Michael Matoba

The capabilities of deep learning systems have advanced much faster than our ability to understand them. Whilst the gains from deep neural networks (DNNs) are significant, they are accompanied by a growing risk and gravity of a bad outcome. This is troubli ...

EPFL2024

Efficient local linearity regularization to overcome catastrophic overfitting

Volkan Cevher, Grigorios Chrysos, Fanghui Liu, Elias Abad Rocamora

Catastrophic overfitting (CO) in single-step adversarial training (AT) results in abrupt drops in the adversarial test accuracy (even down to 0%). For models trained with multi-step AT, it has been observed that the loss function behaves locally linearly w ...

2024

Layer-Wise Learning Framework for Efficient DNN Deployment in Biomedical Wearable Systems

David Atienza Alonso, Amir Aminifar, Tomas Teijeiro Campo, Alireza Amirshahi, Saleh Baghersalimi

The development of low-power wearable systems requires specialized techniques to accommodate their unique requirements and constraints. While significant advancements have been made in the inference phase of artificial intelligence, the training phase rema ...

2023

A Neural-Network-Based Convex Regularizer for Inverse Problems

Michaël Unser, Pakshal Narendra Bohra, Alexis Marie Frederic Goujon, Sebastian Jonas Neumayer, Stanislas Ducotterd

The emergence of deep-learning-based methods to solve image-reconstruction problems has enabled a significant increase in quality. Unfortunately, these new methods often lack reliability and explainability, and there is a growing interest to address these ...

2023

Artificial Neural Network Training on an Optical Processor via Direct Feedback Alignment

Florent Gérard Krzakala, Julien Marcel Daniel Emmanuel Launay

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are habitually trained via the back-propagation (BP) algorithm. This approach has been extremely successful: Current models like GPT-3 have O(10 11 ) parameters, are trained on O(10 11 ) words and produce awe-inspiring resu ...

IEEE2023

Inverse Reinforcement Learning of Pedestrian-Robot Coordination

Aude Billard, David Julian Gonon

We apply inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) with a novel cost feature to the problem of robot navigation in human crowds. Consistent with prior empirical work on pedestrian behavior, the feature anticipates collisions between agents. We efficiently learn ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2023

Exploring neural networks and their potential for species distribution modeling

Devis Tuia, Benjamin Alexander Kellenberger, Nina Marion Aurélia Van Tiel, Robin Adrien Zbinden, Lloyd Haydn Hughes

Species distribution models (SDMs) relate species occurrence data with environmental variables and are used to understand and predict species distributions across landscapes. While some machine learning models have been adopted by the SDM community, recent ...

2023

Machine Learning Methods for Robust Uncertainty Quantification and Controller Approximation

Emilio Maddalena

This thesis is situated at the crossroads between machine learning and control engineering. Our contributions are both theoretical, through proposing a new uncertainty quantification methodology in a kernelized context; and experimental, through investigat ...

EPFL2023

NMDA-driven dendritic modulation enables multitask representation learning in hierarchical sensory processing pathways

Willem Anna Mark Wybo, Bernd Albert Illing, Matthias Chinyen Tsai, Walter Senn

While sensory representations in the brain depend on context, it remains unclear how such modulations are implemented at the biophysical level, and how processing layers further in the hierarchy can extract useful features for each possible contex-tual sta ...

National Academy of Sciences2023

An exact mapping from ReLU networks to spiking neural networks

Wulfram Gerstner, Stanislaw Andrzej Wozniak, Ana Stanojevic, Giovanni Cherubini, Angeliki Pantazi

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer the promise of low-power artificial intelligence. However, training deep SNNs from scratch or converting deep artificial neural networks to SNNs without loss of performance has been a challenge. Here we propose an ...

2023

From Kernel Methods to Neural Networks: A Unifying Variational Formulation

Michaël Unser

The minimization of a data-fidelity term and an additive regularization functional gives rise to a powerful framework for supervised learning. In this paper, we present a unifying regularization functional that depends on an operator L\documentclass[12pt]{ ...

Springer2023

Implicit Distance Functions: Learning and Applications in Robotics

Mikhail Koptev

In this thesis, we address the complex issue of collision avoidance in the joint space of robots. Avoiding collisions with both the robot's own body parts and obstacles in the environment is a critical constraint in motion planning and is crucial for ensur ...

EPFL2023

Probabilistic methods for neural combinatorial optimization

Nikolaos Karalias

The monumental progress in the development of machine learning models has led to a plethora of applications with transformative effects in engineering and science. This has also turned the attention of the research community towards the pursuit of construc ...

EPFL2023

Spatially adaptive machine learning models for predicting water quality in Hong Kong

Rongrong Li, Qiaoli Wang, Yu Xu

Water quality prediction in the spatially heterogeneous environment is challenging as the importance of water quality parameters (WQPs) and the performance of prediction models may vary across space. Thus, this study proposed spatially adaptive machine lea ...

ELSEVIER2023

Towards Stable and Efficient Adversarial Training against $l_1$ Bounded Adversarial Attacks

Sabine Süsstrunk, Mathieu Salzmann, Yulun Jiang, Chen Liu, Zhuoyi Huang

We address the problem of stably and efficiently training a deep neural network robust to adversarial perturbations bounded by an

l_1

norm. We demonstrate that achieving robustness against

l_1

-bounded perturbations is more challenging than in the

l_2

...

2023

Fast Adversarial Training With Adaptive Step Size

Mathieu Salzmann, Sabine Süsstrunk, Chen Liu, Zhuoyi Huang, Yong Zhang, Jue Wang

While adversarial training and its variants have shown to be the most effective algorithms to defend against adversarial attacks, their extremely slow training process makes it hard to scale to large datasets like ImageNet. The key idea of recent works to ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2023

Approximating Relu Networks By Single-Spike Computation

Wulfram Gerstner, Stanislaw Andrzej Wozniak, Ana Stanojevic, Evangelos Eleftheriou, Giovanni Cherubini, Angeliki Pantazi

Developing energy-saving neural network models is a topic of rapidly increasing interest in the artificial intelligence community. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired models that strive to leverage the energy efficiency stemming from a ...

IEEE2022

Adversarial training with informed data selection

Pascal Frossard, Javier Alejandro Maroto Morales, Marcele Oliveira Kuhfuss de Mendonça

With the increasing amount of available data and advances in computing capabilities, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully employed to solve challenging tasks in various areas, including healthcare, climate, and finance. Nevertheless, state-of ...

IEEE2022