Curves in the Oriented PlaneExplores curves in the oriented plane, discussing orientation, vector spaces, equivalence relations, and curvature of regular curves.
Geodesics on SurfacesExplores geodesics on surfaces, focusing on minimizing distances and properties of paths, with examples like great circles on spheres.
Limits and MethodsCovers limits, unknown functions, normal vectors, and tangent planes for 3D surfaces.
Electric Flux and Closed SurfacesExplains electric flux through closed surfaces and its calculation using surface integrals, emphasizing the relationship with enclosed charge.
Principle of Least ActionCovers the principle of least action, Euler-Lagrange equations, Lagrange multipliers, and variational calculus.
