Concept

Timeline of hydrogen technologies

This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology. c. 1520 – First recorded observation of hydrogen by Paracelsus through dissolution of metals (iron, zinc, and tin) in sulfuric acid. 1625 – First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas". 1650 – Turquet de Mayerne obtained a gas or "inflammable air" by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on iron. 1662 – Boyle's law (gas law relating pressure and volume) 1670 – Robert Boyle produced hydrogen by reacting metals with acid. 1672 – "New Experiments touching the Relation between Flame and Air" by Robert Boyle. 1679 – Denis Papin – safety valve 1700 – Nicolas Lemery showed that the gas produced in the sulfuric acid/iron reaction was explosive in air 1755 – Joseph Black confirmed that different gases exist. / Latent heat 1766 – Henry Cavendish published in "On Factitious Airs" a description of "dephlogisticated air" by reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid and isolated a gas 7 to 11 times lighter than air. 1774 – Joseph Priestley isolated and categorized oxygen. 1780 – Felice Fontana discovers the water-gas shift reaction 1783 – Antoine Lavoisier gave hydrogen its name (Gk: hydro = water, genes = born of) 1783 – Jacques Charles made the first flight with his hydrogen-filled gas balloon or Charlière. 1783 – Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre Laplace measured the heat of combustion of hydrogen using an ice calorimeter. 1784 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard, attempted a dirigible hydrogen balloon, but it would not steer. 1784 – The invention of the Lavoisier Meusnier iron-steam process, generating hydrogen by passing water vapor over a bed of red-hot iron at 600 °C. 1785 – Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier built the hybrid Rozière balloon. 1787 – Charles's law (gas law, relating volume and temperature) 1789 – Jan Rudolph Deiman and Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk using an electrostatic machine and a Leyden jar for the first electrolysis of water. 1800 – William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle decomposed water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis with a voltaic pile.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_hydrogen_technologies

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Power-to-gas

Power-to-gas (often abbreviated P2G) is a technology that uses electric power to produce a gaseous fuel. When using surplus power from wind generation, the concept is sometimes called windgas. Most P2G systems use electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen can be used directly, or further steps (known as two-stage P2G systems) may convert the hydrogen into syngas, methane, or LPG. Single-stage P2G systems to produce methane also exist, such as reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) technology.

Hydrogen storage

Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs.

Hydrogen production

Hydrogen production is the family of industrial methods for generating hydrogen gas. As of 2020, the majority of hydrogen (~95%) is produced from fossil fuels by steam reforming of natural gas and other light hydrocarbons, partial oxidation of heavier hydrocarbons, and coal gasification. Other methods of hydrogen production include biomass gasification, methane pyrolysis, and electrolysis of water. Methane pyrolysis and water electrolysis can use any source of electricity including solar power.