Publications related to Electron avalanche

Characterization of Transverse Instabilities Driven by Electron Cloud

Electron cloud continues to be one of the main limiting factors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the biggest accelerator at CERN. These clouds form in the beam chamber when positively charged particles are passing through and cause unwanted effects in b ...

EPFL2024

Characterization of low-temperature plasmas generated by dielectric barrier discharges for bacterial inactivation

Lorenzo Ibba

Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) at atmospheric pressure hold great promise for disinfection and sterilization applications. When compared to traditional sterilization technologies like autoclaving, LTPs may offer several benefits, including reduced energy c ...

EPFL2024

SPAD Developed in 55 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Technology Achieving Near 90% Peak PDP

Edoardo Charbon, Claudio Bruschini, Ekin Kizilkan, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Francesco Gramuglia, Won Yong Ha, Myung Jae Lee

We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) developed in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, which achieves high photon detection probability (PDP) while its breakdown voltage is lower than 20 V. To enhance the PDP performance, the SPAD junctio ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2024

Doping Engineering for PDP Optimization in SPADs Implemented in 55-nm BCD Process

Edoardo Charbon, Claudio Bruschini, Myung Jae Lee, Feng Liu

We introduce a new family of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) with enhanced depletion regions in a 55-nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. We demonstrate how to systematically engineer doping profiles in the main junction and in deep p-well layers ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2024

Advanced Silicon and SWIR Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes: Design, Simulation, and Characterization

Ekin Kizilkan

Low-level light detection with high spatial and timing accuracy is a growing area of interest by virtue of applications such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), biomedical imaging, time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, and quantum applications. Single-phot ...

EPFL2024

Single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in standard 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology with sub-20 V breakdown voltage

Edoardo Charbon, Claudio Bruschini, Won Yong Ha, Myung Jae Lee

This paper presents a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 55 nm bipolar-CMOSDMOS (BCD) technology. In order to realize a SPAD having sub-20 V breakdown voltage for mobile applications while preventing high tunneling noise, a high-voltage N-well availab ...

Optica Publishing Group2023

First self-consistent simulations of trapped electron clouds in a gyrotron gun and comparison with experiments

Stefano Alberti, Jean-Philippe Hogge, Ioannis Pagonakis, Joaquim Loizu Cisquella, Jérémy Genoud, Francesco Romano

We report on the initial validation of the novel code FENNECS, which simulates the spontaneous formation of trapped electron clouds in coaxial geometries with strong externally applied azimuthal flows and in the presence of a residual neutral gas. For this ...

American Institute of Physics (AIP)2023

Charge Dynamics Electron Microscopy Nanoscale Imaging of Femtosecond Plasma Dynamics

Fabrizio Carbone, Ivan Madan, Thomas La Grange, Giovanni Maria Vanacore, Gabriele Berruto, Ido Kaminer, Simone Gargiulo, Luca Piazza, Francesco Barantani, Tom Theodorus Antonius Lummen

Understanding and actively controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of nonequilibrium electron clouds is fundamental for the design of light and electron sources, high power electronic devices, and plasma-based applications. However, electron clouds evolve ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2023

Detrainment and braking of snow avalanches interacting with forests

Johan Alexandre Philippe Gaume, Xingyue Li, Louis Jean Henri Vedrine

Mountain forests provide natural protection against avalanches. They can both prevent avalanche formation in release zones and reduce avalanche mobility in runout areas. Although the braking effect of forests has been previously explored through global sta ...

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH2022

Solvent-Free Synthesis and Processing of Conductive Elastomer Composites for Green Dielectric Elastomer Transducers

Frank Nüesch

Stretchable electrodes are more suitable for dielectric elastomer transducers (DET) the closer the mechanical characteristics of the electrodes and elastomer are. Here, a solvent-free synthesis and processing of conductive composites with excellent electri ...

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH2022

Single photon detection with amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates: A Monte Carlo model

Christophe Ballif, Nicolas Würsch, Jonathan Emanuel Thomet, Janina Christine Isabelle Löffler, Samira Alexandra Frey

Microchannel plates based on amorphous silicon have the inherent capability to overcome the existing spatial and temporal resolution limitations of single photon detectors. A Monte Carlo model-based study is presented here that serves to exploit their full ...

2022

Ionization Waves Enhance the Production of X-rays during Streamer Collisions

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

Experimental data show that in laboratory sparks, X-rays are produced in time synchronization with the meeting of streamers of opposite polarity just before the final breakdown of the discharge gap. It has been suggested that the electric field enhancement ...

2021

Laser photo-detachment combined with Langmuir probe in magnetized electronegative plasma: how the probe size affects the plasma dynamic?

Ivo Furno, Riccardo Agnello

Laser photo-detachment combined with a Langmuir probe (LP) is used to diagnose negative ion properties in electronegative plasmas. The technique relies on the combined use of a laser pulse and an LP. The laser pulse converts negative ions into electron-ato ...

2021

RF plasma simulations using the TOMATOR 1D code: a case study for TCV helium ECRH plasmas

Stefano Coda

The 1-dimensional reaction-diffusion-convection code TOMATOR-1D describes plasma production by RF waves inside a tokamak using the Braginskii continuity and heat balance equations. The model simulates self-consistent radial density and temperature profiles ...

2020

Comparing spatio-temporal networks of intermittent avalanche events: Experiment, model, and empirical data

Anjali Bagunu Tarun

Relaxational processes in many complex systems often occur in the form of avalanches resulting from internal cascades from across the system scale. Here, we probe the space, time, and magnitude signatures of avalanching behavior using a network of temporal ...

2020

Two Possible Scenarios for the Formation of Category 1 Bipolar Lightning Flashes

Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Davide Pavanello, Qi Li

We present and discuss the current and electric field waveforms associated with two upward bipolar lightning flashes that occurred at the Säntis Tower. According to the traditional classification of bipolar flashes, both observed flashes could be classifie ...

2019

Analysis of runaway electron expulsion during tokamak instabilities detected by a single-channel Cherenkov probe in FTU

Cristian Galperti, Gabriele Grosso, Filippo Bagnato

The expulsion of runaway electrons (REs) during different types of tokamak instabilities is analysed by means of a Cherenkov probe inserted into the scrape-off layer of the FTU tokamak. One such type of instability, the well-known tearing mode, is involved ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2019

Drastic breakdown field reduction in multilayer DEA

Yves Perriard, Yoan René Cyrille Civet, Jonathan André Jean-Marie Chavanne, Morgan Almanza

The electrical properties such as the electrical breakdown and the permittivity but also the softness of the elastomer are key factors for the performance of DEA. In order to have the best use of elastomer films, single-layer actuators have been deeply stu ...

2019

Monte Carlo Modeling of Electron Multiplication in Amorphous Silicon Based Microchannel Plates

Christophe Ballif, Nicolas Würsch, Jonathan Emanuel Thomet, Janina Christine Isabelle Löffler, Mohamed Belhaj

Amorphous silicon based microchannel plates are being developed to overcome performance limits of conventional microchannel plates. They offer a new flexibility and ease of fabrication. A comprehensive AMCP model is being constructed to analyze the perform ...

IEEE2019

Coupled Snow Cover and Avalanche Dynamics Simulations to Evaluate Wet Snow Avalanche Activity

Nander Wever

We present physics-based snowpack simulations for four snow seasons with detailed wet snow avalanche activity records. The distributed, spatially explicit simulations using the Alpine3D and SNOWPACK model show that the simulated snowpack in the release are ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2018