Publications related to Magma | EPFL Graph Search

Flash Melting Amorphous Ice

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Gabriele Bongiovanni, Nathan Junior Mowry

Water can be vitrified if it is cooled at high rates, which makes it possible to outrun crystallization in so-called no man’s land, a range of deeply supercooled temperatures where water crystallizes rapidly. Here, we study the reverse process in pure wate ...

2024

New tools for phase segmentation and denoising of analytical STEM data for enhanced chemical sensitivity, applied to Earth mantle research

Hui Chen

This thesis is dedicated to developing innovative methodologies that improve elemental quantification in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The primary motivation stems from a geochemistry pr ...

EPFL2023

Single-Well Pore Pressure Preconditioning for Enhanced Geothermal System Stimulation

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Mathias Alexandre David Lebihain, Barnaby Padraig Fryer

The stress state is an important parameter in terms of both earthquake nucleation and rupture. Here, a new stimulation technique is proposed for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGSs), which have previously been burdened with a number of high-profile incidence ...

2023

Determination of Parameters Characteristic of Dynamic Weakening Mechanisms During Seismic Faulting in Cohesive Rocks

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, François Xavier Thibault Passelègue, Chiara Cornelio

While sliding at seismic slip-rates of ∼1 m/s, natural faults undergo an abrupt decrease of shear stress called dynamic weakening. Asperity-scale processes related to flash heating and weakening and, meso-scale (mm-cm) processes involving shear across the ...

AGU2022

Investigating Magma Ocean Solidification on Earth Through Laser‐Heated Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments

Philippe Gillet, Cécile Hébert, Marco Cantoni, James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

We carried out a series of silicate fractional crystallization experiments at lower mantle pressures using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Phase relations and the compositional evolution of the cotectic melt and equilibrium solids along the liquid lin ...

2021

Composition and Pressure Effects on Partitioning of Ferrous Iron in Iron-Rich Lower Mantle Heterogeneities

Philippe Gillet, Marco Cantoni, James Badro, Susannah McGregor Dorfman, Farhang Nabiei, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

Both seismic observations of dense low shear velocity regions and models of magma ocean crystallization and mantle dynamics support enrichment of iron in Earth’s lowermost mantle. Physical properties of iron-rich lower mantle heterogeneities in the modern ...

2021

Taking the pulse of volcanic eruptions using plagioclase glomerocrysts

Anders Meibom, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Anders McCarthy, Pierre Vonlanthen

Crystallization timescales in subvolcanic systems and the consequences of interaction between ascending magmas and gases remain largely unconstrained, as do links between these processes and monitoring signals at restless volcanoes. We apply diffusion chro ...

ELSEVIER2020

Evidence of extensive lunar crust formation in impact melt sheets 4,330 Myr ago

Cyril Cayron

Accurately constraining the formation and evolution of the lunar magnesian suite is key to understanding the earliest periods of magmatic crustal building that followed accretion and primordial differentiation of the Moon. However, the origin and evolution ...

2020

Fault Stability Across the Seismogenic Zone

François Xavier Thibault Passelègue

Across the seismogenic zone, the transition from brittle to plastic deformation corresponds to a semibrittle regime where brittle fracturing and plastic flow coexist at high strength conditions. Thorough experimental investigations on brittle-plastic trans ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2020

A new data set of granitic rock strength values from Yosemite Valley, California: applications to rock fall assessment

To explore connections between rock strength and rock falls, we undertook a comprehensive rock mechanics testing program for six granitic rock types in Yosemite Valley (California, USA) where rock falls are a common geomorphic and sometimes hazardous proce ...

2020

Effects of composition and pressure on electronic states of iron in bridgmanite

Arnaud Magrez, Philippe Gillet, Susannah McGregor Dorfman

Electronic states of iron in the lower mantle's dominant mineral, (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O-3 bridgmanite, control physical properties of the mantle including density, elasticity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the determination of electroni ...

MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER2020

Beryllium melting and erosion on the upper dump plates in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns

Olivier Sauter, Ambrogio Fasoli, Basil Duval, Stefano Coda, Yves Martin, Jonathan Graves, Duccio Testa, Patrick Blanchard, Pierre-Thomas Paul Brun, Henri Weisen, Alessandro Pau, Federico Nespoli, Cristian Sommariva, David Pfefferlé, Richard Pitts, Jonathan Marc Philippe Faustin, Yann Camenen, Hamish William Patten, Jan Horacek, Samuel Lanthaler, Javier García Hernández, Marco Wischmeier, Nicola Vianello, Mikhail Maslov, Yao Zhou, Davide Galassi, Antonio José Pereira de Figueiredo, Liang Yao, Dalziel Joseph Wilson, Bernhard Sieglin, Otto Asunta

Data on erosion and melting of beryllium upper limiter tiles, so-called dump plates (DP), are presented for all three campaigns in the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall. High-resolution images of the upper wall of JET show clear signs of flash melting on ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2019

Plagioclase Glomerocrysts: taking the pulse of volcanic eruptions

Anders Meibom, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Anders McCarthy

Volcanic eruptions result from complex interplay of magmatic processes including the ascent and storage of magma in the crust, volatile exsolution and crystallization. The dynamics of crystallization in shallow subvolcanic systems and the consequences of i ...

2019

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Molten Fe-Si-O in Earth's Core

James Badro

Silicon and oxygen are potential light elements in Earth's core because their stronger affinity to metal observed with increasing temperature posits that significant amounts of both can be incorporated into the core. It was proposed that an Fe-Si-O liquid ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Seismic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fluid-Saturated Carbonate Rocks: Effect of Microstructure and Pressure

Lucas Xan Pimienta

The frequency dependence of seismic properties of fully saturated rocks can be related to wave-induced fluid flows at different scales. The elastic dispersion and attenuation of four fluid-saturated carbonate rocks, with different microstructures, have bee ...

2019

Impact of temperature on expansive behavior of concrete with a highly reactive andesite due to the alkali-silica reaction

Karen Scrivener, Cyrille Dunant

The influence of temperature on the expansive behavior and microstructural damage of concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is studied experimentally by applying a new testing protocol, the Alkali-Wrapped Concrete Prism Test (AW-CPT). Early-stage ...

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2019

Identification of BeO and BeOxDy in melted zones of the JET Be limiter tiles: Raman study using comparison with laboratory samples

Olivier Sauter, Ambrogio Fasoli, Basil Duval, Stefano Coda, Martinus Gijs, Jonathan Graves, Yves Martin, Duccio Testa, Patrick Blanchard, Bruno Emanuel Ferreira De Sousa Correia, Alessandro Pau, Pierre-Thomas Paul Brun, Cristian Sommariva, Henri Weisen, Richard Pitts, Sun Hee Kim, Yann Camenen, Jan Horacek, Javier García Hernández, Marco Wischmeier, Mikhail Maslov, Nicola Vianello, Miguel Fernández Ruiz, Federico Nespoli, Antonio José Pereira de Figueiredo, Liang Yao, Yao Zhou, David Pfefferlé, Dalziel Joseph Wilson, Robin Humphry-Baker, Davide Galassi, José Pedro Rebelo Ferreira Marques, Ana Francisca Leal Silva Soares, Jonathan Marc Philippe Faustin, Daniel Scott Alessi, Arnout Lodewijk M Beckers, Julio Rodriguez, Hamish William Patten, Jonnathan Cesar Hidalgo Acosta, , , , , , , , , ,

From rock to magma and back again: The evolution of temperature and deformation mechanism in conduit margin zones

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Michael Heap

Explosive silicic volcanism is driven by gas overpressure in systems that are inefficient at outgassing. The zone at the margin of a volcanic conduit-thought to play an important role in the outgassing of magma and therefore pore pressure changes and explo ...

Elsevier2017

Weekly to monthly time scale of melt inclusion entrapment prior to eruption recorded by phosphorus distribution in olivine from mid-ocean ridges

Anders Meibom, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Othmar Müntener, Lukas Baumgartner, Mélina Manzini

Melt inclusions (MIs) hosted in euhedral olivine have been proposed to represent droplets of primary melt, protected from processes occurring near Earth's surface during eruption. The complex zoning of phosphorus (P) in some olivines and the presence of a ...

Geological Soc Amer, Inc2017

Cubic zirconia in >2370◦C impact melt records Earth’s hottest crust

Cyril Cayron

Bolide impacts influence primordial evolution of planetary bodies because they can cause instantaneous melting and vaporization of both crust and impactors. Temperatures reached by impact-generated silicate melts are unknown because meteorite impacts are e ...

Elsevier2017