Publications related to Virus latency

PSGL-1 is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral restriction factor

The arms race between viruses and their hosts shaped the evolutionary history and the genome composition of both parties. Restriction factors are the first-line antiviral effectors encoded by the host genomes and are often conserved through evolution to pr ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2023

Virucidal compositions and use thereof

Francesco Stellacci

The invention relates to substituted cyclodextrin (CD) compounds having C9 to C25 optionally substituted alkyl-based linker groups, which irreversibly inhibit viruses and are useful in the treatment of viral infections. While the compounds of the invention ...

2023

Viral Genetic Determinants of Prolonged Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants in a Healthy Term Birth Cohort

Jacques Fellay, Thomas Junier, Zhi Ming Xu, Dylan Lawless

Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with acute respiratory infection. We sought to identify RSV variants associated with prolonged infection. ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2023

Ligand concentration determines antiviral efficacy of silica multivalent nanoparticles

Francesco Stellacci, Quy Ong Khac, Xufeng Xu, Heyun Wang, Paulo Henrique Jacob Silva, Rémi Andréa La Polla

We have learned from the recent COVID-19 pandemic that the emergence of a new virus can quickly become a global health burden and kill millions of lives. Antiviral drugs are essential in our fight against viral diseases, but most of them are virus-specific ...

Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science2023

Phase separation in viral infections

Christina Ernst, Haohua Li

Viruses rely on the reprogramming of cellular processes to enable efficient viral replication; this often requires subcompartmentalization within the host cell. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a fundamental principle to organize and su ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2022

Polyanionic Amphiphilic Dendritic Polyglycerols as Broad-Spectrum Viral Inhibitors with a Virucidal Mechanism

Francesco Stellacci, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Gasbarri

Heparin has been known to be a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral infection for almost 70 years, and it has been used as a medication for almost 90 years due to its anticoagulant effect. This nontoxic biocompatible polymer efficiently binds to many types of ...

American Chemical Society2022

A Baseline Cellular Antiviral State Is Maintained by cGAS and Its Most Frequent Naturally Occurring Variant rs610913

Jacques Fellay, Christian Axel Wandall Thorball, Shuting Xu

Upon recognition of aberrantly located DNA, the innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activates stimulator of IFN genes (STING)/IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3-driven antiviral responses. In this study, we characterized the ability of a specific ...

American Association of Immunologists ; Oxford University Press2022

Virtual Safety Assistant: An Efficient Tool for Ensuring Safety During Covid-19 Pandemic

Daniel Thalmann

Using intelligent virtual assistants for controlling employee population in workspaces is a research area that remains unexplored. This paper presents a novel application of virtual humans to enforce Covid-19 safety measures in a corporate workplace. For t ...

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2022

Toward biocontrol of waterborne pathogens: contributions of protists to virus removal and associated mechanisms

Margot Ninon Lauren Olive

Human viruses are widespread in the water environment and pose a risk to human health. Wastewater effluents represent the main source of viruses discharge in the environment, leading to contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Viral pathogens can persist on th ...

EPFL2022

Novel broad-spectrum virucidal antivirals

Matteo Gasbarri

The current COVID-19 pandemic has showed the threats that viruses can cause to the whole world. Over 200 million infections and over 4.5 million deaths and enormous socio-economic impact were the output of the emergence of a single new pathogen: SARS-CoV-2 ...

EPFL2021

Highly Potent Host-Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Paramyxovirus and Pneumovirus Replication with High Resistance Barrier

Gerardo Turcatti, Marc Chambon, Damiano Banfi, Jonathan Patrice Vesin

Multiple enveloped RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae, like measles virus (MeV), Nipah virus (NiV), canine distemper virus (CDV), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are of high clinical relevance. Each year a huge number of live ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2021

HIV host genomics in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy

Christian Axel Wandall Thorball

The introduction and widespread use of antiretroviral therapy against Human Immunodefi-ciency Virus (HIV) has had a remarkable effect on disease progression and the longevity of infected individuals. However, the establishment of a latent viral reservoir a ...

EPFL2020

Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals

Francesco Stellacci, Natalia Gasilova, Daniel Ortiz Trujillo, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Gasbarri, Samuel Thomas Jones, Matej Janecek

Viral infections kill millions of people and new antivirals are needed. Nontoxic drugs that irreversibly inhibit viruses (virucidal) are postulated to be ideal. Unfortunately, all virucidal molecules described to date are cytotoxic. We recently developed n ...

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE2020

Viral Metagenomic Content Reflects Seawater Ecological Quality in the Coastal Zone

Grégoire Marie Octave Edouard Michoud, Stylianos Fodelianakis

Viruses interfere with their host's metabolism through the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that, until now, are mostly studied under large physicochemical gradients. Here, we focus on coastal marine ecosystems and we sequence the viral metag ...

2020

Initial Step of Virus Entry: Virion Binding to Cell-Surface Glycans

Laurent Gillet, Christian Sieben

Virus infection is an intricate process that requires the concerted action of both viral and host cell components. Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and cell-surface receptors. Various cell-surface glycans func ...

ANNUAL REVIEWS2020

Use of deoxysphingolipids as anti-toxins and anti-virals

Françoise Gisou van der Goot Grunberg

The present invention relates 1-deoxysphingolipids, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in the prevention and/or treatment of intoxication or viral infections, in particular 1-deoxyceramide or a 1-deoxysphingoid base prodrug there ...

2020

Sulfonated Nanomaterials with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Extending beyond Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Viruses

Francesco Stellacci, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Gasbarri, Chiara Medaglia

Viral infections are among the main causes of death worldwide, and we lack antivirals for the majority of viruses. Heparin-like sulfated or sulfonated compounds have been known for decades for their ability to prevent infection by heparan sulfate proteogly ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2020

Heritability of the HIV-1 reservoir size and decay under long-term suppressive ART

Jacques Fellay, Chenjie Wan

The HIV-1 reservoir is the major hurdle to curing HIV-1. However, the impact of the viral genome on the HIV-1 reservoir, i.e. its heritability, remains unknown. We investigate the heritability of the HIV-1 reservoir size and its long-term decay by analyzin ...

Nature Research2020

Determinants of HIV-1 reservoir size and long-term dynamics during suppressive ART

Jacques Fellay, Christian Axel Wandall Thorball, Alessandro Borghesi

The HIV-1 reservoir is the major hurdle to a cure. We here evaluate viral and host characteristics associated with reservoir size and long-term dynamics in 1,057 individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy for a median of 5.4 years. At the population ...

Springer2019

E-coli-MS2 bacteriophage interactions during solar disinfection of wastewater and the subsequent post-irradiation period

César Pulgarin, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Stefanos Giannakis, Margaux Océane Voumard

In this study, the effect of MS2 bacteriophage on the inactivation of its Escherichia coli host was evaluated in an effort to recreate some the main factors governing solar disinfection of wastewater (namely microbial growth, infection, photonic flux). As ...

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA2019