Publications related to Growth cone

Neurogenesis redirects β-catenin from adherens junctions to the nucleus to promote axonal growth

Here, we show that, in the developing spinal cord, after the early Wnt-mediated Tcf transcription activation that confers dorsal identity to neural stem cells, neurogenesis redirects beta-catenin from the adherens junctions to the nucleus to stimulate Tcfo ...

Company Biologists Ltd2023

Targeted regeneration of spinal cord neurons across a complete injury restores walking

Marco Milano

Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts axonal connections between the brain and the spinal cord, and is characterized by a spectrum of sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. While spontaneous recovery is limited, recent studies have shown that functional imp ...

EPFL2023

Neuronal migration prevents spatial competition in retinal morphogenesis

Martin Weigert

The concomitant occurrence of tissue growth and organization is a hallmark of organismal development(1-3). This often means that proliferating and differentiating cells are found at the same time in a continuously changing tissue environment. How cells ada ...

NATURE PORTFOLIO2023

Modelling and Refining Neuronal Circuits with Guidance Cues: Involvement of Semaphorins

Greta Limoni

The establishment of neuronal circuits requires neurons to develop and maintain appropriate connections with cellular partners in and out the central nervous system. These phenomena include elaboration of dendritic arborization and formation of synaptic co ...

MDPI2021

Elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody, promotes neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neurorecovery following a thoracic hemicompression spinal cord injury in non-human primates

Grégoire Courtine, Quentin Barraud, Lili Huang, Xiaomeng Zhang

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition characterized by loss of function, secondary to damaged spinal neurons, disrupted axonal connections, and myelin loss. Spontaneous recovery is limited, and there are no approved pharmaceutical treatments ...

2021

Synthesis of branching morphologies

Henry Markram, Lida Kanari

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium for generating model neurons. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a plurality of descriptions of branches of dendrites of one or more neurons and gener ...

2021

Axon morphology is modulated by the local environment and impacts the noninvasive investigation of its structure-function relationship

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Jonathan Rafael Patino Lopez, Tim Bjørn Dyrby

Axonal conduction velocity, which ensures efficient function of the brain network, is related to axon diameter. Noninvasive, in vivo axon diameter estimates can be made with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, but the technique requires three-dimensional ...

National Academy of Sciences2020

The Target of Exuberant Projections in Development

Giorgio Innocenti

In addition to neuronal death and elimination of synapses, the production of transient, exuberant axons, and axonal branches is a general phenomenon in development across species and systems. To understand what drives the decision of which axons are mainta ...

2020

Axon regeneration and circuit reorganization after complete spinal cord injury

Sabry Leonardo Barlatey

First human trials involving neuroprosthetic rehabilitation demonstrated recently that significant functional benefits can be achieved with lumbosacral neuromodulation and reorganized spared projections. However, complete spinal cord injuries (SCI) wholly ...

EPFL2019

The endosomal sorting adaptor HD-PTP is required for ephrin-B: EphB signalling in cellular collapse and spinal motor axon guidance

Daniel Eduardo Morales Garza

The signalling output of many transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell communication is restricted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), but the impact of this machinery on Eph tyrosine kinase receptor function is unknown. ...

Nature Research2019

Single-cell transcriptional logic of cell-fate specification and axon guidance in early-born retinal neurons

Marion Leleu, Gioele La Manno, Pierre Raymond Fabre

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), cone photoreceptors (cones), horizontal cells and amacrine cells are the first classes of neurons produced in the retina. However, an important question is how this diversity of cell states is transcriptionally produced. Here ...

2019

Influence of Minor Cr-Additions to the Growth of Columnar Dendrites in Al-Zn Alloys: Influence of Icosahedral Short Range Order in the Liquid

Michel Rappaz, Güven Kurtuldu

The effect of minute Cr additions on dendritic growth directions in Al-20 wt pct Zn alloy has been investigated. As first evidenced by Gonzales and Rappaz (Metall Mater Trans A 37:2797-2806, 2006) Al-Zn alloys exhibit a Dendrite Orientation Transition (DOT ...

SPRINGER2020

Altered interplay between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A neuropathy

Bernard Schneider, Mary-Claude Croisier-Coeytaux, Catherine Maclachlan, Roman Chrast, Nathalie Marie Géraldine Bernard, Cylia Cloé Rochat, Omar El Mansour, Manisha Juneja

Mutations in the MFN2 gene encoding Mitofusin 2 lead to the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a dominant axonal form of peripheral neuropathy. Mitofusin 2 is localized at both the outer membrane of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticul ...

National Academy of Sciences2019

Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 couples mechanical cues and lipid metabolism

Giovanni Sorrentino

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate lipid biosynthesis and adipogenesis by controlling the expression of several enzymes required for cholesterol, fatty acid, triacylglycerol and phospholi ...

Springer2019

Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury

Grégoire Courtine, Mark Andrew Anderson, Nicholas David James, Cheng Wang, Sabry Leonardo Barlatey, Michael V. Sofroniew, Zhigang He

Transected axons fail to regrow across anatomically complete spinal cord injuries (SCI) in adults. Diverse molecules can partially facilitate or attenuate axon growth during development or after injury1,2,3, but efficient reversal of this regrowth failure ...

2018

Orientation-Dispersed Apparent Axon Diameter via Multi-Stage Spherical Mean Optimization

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Marco Pizzolato

The estimation of the apparent axon diameter (AAD) via diffusion MRI is affected by the incoherent alignment of single axons around its axon bundle direction, also known as orientational dispersion. The simultaneous estimation of AAD and dispersion is chal ...

SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN2018

Interactions of spatial strategies producing generalization gradient and blocking: A computational approach

Ricardo Andres Chavarriaga Lozano

We present a computational model of spatial navigation comprising different learning mechanisms in mammals, i.e., associative, cognitive mapping and parallel systems. This model is able to reproduce a large number of experimental results in different varia ...

2018

Two-photon calcium imaging of neocortical projection neurons in whisker somatosensory cortex during goal-directed sensorimotor learning

Dimitra Angeliki Vavladeli

Excitatory projection neurons of the neocortex are thought to play important roles in perceptual and cognitive functions of the brain by directly connecting diverse cortical and subcortical areas. However, many aspects of the anatomical and functional orga ...

EPFL2018

Preferential Enhancement of Sensory and Motor Axon Regeneration by Combining Extracellular Matrix Components with Neurotrophic Factors

Silvestro Micera, Daniel Santos

After peripheral nerve injury, motor and sensory axons are able to regenerate but inaccuracy of target reinnervation leads to poor functional recovery. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) exert their effect on different ne ...

2017

The Crossed Projection to the Striatum in Two Species of Monkey and in Humans: Behavioral and Evolutionary Significance

Giorgio Innocenti, Tim Bjørn Dyrby

The corpus callosum establishes the anatomical continuity between the 2 hemispheres and coordinates their activity. Using histological tracing, single axon reconstructions, and diffusion tractography, we describe a callosal projection to n caudatus and put ...

Oxford University Press2017