Hard water

Related lectures (8)

Explores EC, alkalinity, hardness, and carbonate chemistry in water quality modelling, emphasizing measurement methods and ion relationships.

Explores equilibrium phases in water quality modelling, illustrating with examples of mineral precipitation and pH adjustment.

Explores water quality modelling, focusing on carbonate chemistry reactions and the use of PHREEQC software for water softening simulations.

Explores dissolution and precipitation equilibria in water, covering calcite, silica, aluminosilicates, water hardness, and clay minerals.

Explores complex stability, chelate effect, and the application of chelating agents in medicine.

Discusses equilibrium calculations for diprotic acids and the importance of the carbonate system and alkalinity.

Explores groundwater flow mechanics, covering natural slope movements, embankment stability, and Darcy's law.

Explores the dissolution of minerals, alkalinity in water bodies, and the effects of adding compounds to adjust pH.

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