Modifier adaptation (MA) is a real-time optimization (RTO) method characterized by its ability to enforce plant optimality upon convergence despite the presence of model uncertainty. The approach is based on correcting the available model using gradient es ...
The modifier-adaptation methodology enables real-time optimization (RTO) of plant operation in the presence of considerable plant-model mismatch. It requires the estimation of plant gradients. Obtaining these gradients is expensive as it involves potential ...
Drought induces changes in the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycle but most plant species have limited flexibility to take up nutrients under such variable or unbalanced N and P availability. Both the degree of flexibility in plant N:P ratio and of ro ...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer new opportunities for wildlife monitoring, with several advantages over traditional field-based methods. They have readily been used to count birds, marine mammals and large herbivores in different environments, tasks ...
The pasture-woodlands of Central Europe are low-intensity grazing systems in which the structural richness of dynamic forest-grassland mosaics is causal for their high biodiversity. Distinct mosaic patterns in Picea abies- and Fagus sylvatica-dominated pas ...
