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Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures – Analysis of a Blind Prediction

Masonry aggregates, which emerged as layouts of cities and villages became denser, make up historical centres all over the world. In these aggregates, neighbouring structures may share structural walls that are joined at the interfaces by mortar or interlo ...

Springer2024

Lessons learned from a prediction and postdiction of a shake table test on an unreinforced masonry aggregate

Katrin Beyer, Igor Tomic

Historical centers of Europe and Croatia are often formed by unreinforced masonry building aggregates that developed as the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings can share structural walls with an older and a ...

2023

Perceived glare from the sun behind tinted glazing: Comparing blue vs. color-neutral tints

Marilyne Andersen, Andreas Schueler, Jan Wienold, Sneha Jain, Maxime Lagier

While the influence of a glare source's spectrum on sensitivity to discomfort glare has been demonstrated repeatedly under electric light conditions, it has not yet been studied under actual daylit conditions. To investigate the influence of spectral alter ...

2023

Correlation between sonic pulse velocity and flat-jack tests for the estimation of the elastic properties of unreinforced brick masonry: Case studies from Croatia

Savvas Saloustros

Historic urban cores in southern Europe are characterized by a significant number of existing unreinforced masonry structures that are known for their seismic vulnerability. The first step in the preservation of such damaged buildings is condition assessme ...

2023

Deep Q-learning agent for building earthquake resisting wall

Katrin Beyer, Qianqing Wang, Ketson Roberto Maximiano Dos Santos

The construction of dry-joint brick masonry that is subject to seismic loading can be modelled as a strategy problem wherein bricks must be laid to form a load resisting structure. To learn how to mount bricks while considering relevant engineering criteri ...

2022

Seismic response of historical masonry buildings and aggregates - large-scale experimental testing and macro-element modelling

Igor Tomic

The seismic analysis of existing unreinforced masonry buildings is a challenging task, troubled by different sources of material and modelling uncertainties. The historical heritage value of a building can further complicate the assessment and design of re ...

EPFL2022

Numerical simulations of retrofitting interventions on timber floors in unreinforced masonry

Katrin Beyer, Igor Tomic, Ivana Bozulic

Unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible timber floors are amongst the most vulnerable building typologies for seismic loading. Though flexible diaphragms play a role in the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings, the impact of the connect ...

2022

Latest findings on the behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings

Katrin Beyer

Recent earthquakes as the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence showed that recently built unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings behaved much better than expected and sustained, despite the maximum PGA values ranged between 0.20-0.30 g, either minor damage or str ...

SPRINGER2022

The impact of uncertainties on post-earthquake response predictions of a building with unreinforced masonry walls

Ian Smith, Katrin Beyer, Mathias Christian Haindl Carvallo

In this paper, the impact of several sources of uncertainty on the seismic response of an experimentally tested building is assessed for the case of a post-earthquake scenario. The building comprises unreinforced masonry and reinforced concrete walls. It i ...

2022

Report of RILEM TC 267-TRM phase 3: validation of the R-3 reactivity test across a wide range of materials

Karen Scrivener, Ruben Anton Snellings, Alastair Thomas Matthew Marsh, François Henri Avet, Mohsen Ben Haha, Xuerun Li, Pawel Tadeusz Durdzinski, Diana Londoño Zuluaga

RILEM TC 267 TRM- "Tests for Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials" recommends the Rapid Reliable Relevant (R-3) test as a method for determining the chemical reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in Portland cement blends. ...

SPRINGER2022

Effect of window glazing color and transmittance on human visual comfort

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Sneha Jain

: Occupants’ visual comfort in an indoor space strongly depend on the quantity and quality of the daylight inside the space which can be altered with the type of window glazing. In this study, we compared the visual comfort perception of participants with ...

2022

Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings

Katrin Beyer, Igor Tomic, Andrea Penna

In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advance ...

2021

Combined Shear-Flexural Verification Of In Plane Loaded Reinforced And Unreinforced Masonry Walls

Lorenzo Benedetti

The safety verification of in-plane loaded masonry panels requires the evaluation of at least three different collapse conditions connected with overturning, shear sliding, and shear - compression failure at the panels' toe. In reinforced panels, the resis ...

INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING2021

The ratio of shear to elastic modulus of in-plane loaded masonry

Katrin Beyer, Bastian Valentin Wilding, Michele Godio

When designing unreinforced masonry buildings, the wall stiffness and, consequently, the masonry elastic and shear modulus E and G are essential parameters. Current codes provide empirical estimates of the masonry elastic modulus and a ratio between the sh ...

2020

Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings

Katrin Beyer, Igor Tomic, Andrea Penna

In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advance ...

2020

Stiffness and Strength Estimation of Damaged Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Crack Pattern

Katrin Beyer, Kiarash Mohtasham Dolatshahi

After an earthquake, the residual stiffness and strength of structural elements are typically estimated based on a qualitative visual inspection of cracks that is prone to error. In this paper a new approach is proposed to automatically estimate the update ...

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2022

Trilinear Model for the Out-of-Plane Seismic Assessment of Vertically Spanning Unreinforced Masonry Walls

Katrin Beyer, Michele Godio

Out-of-plane failure of masonry walls is often responsible for the partial collapse of unreinforced masonry structures. Modeling the out-of-plane response of these walls is therefore key in the assessment of existing buildings. The paper presents a new tri ...

2019

Equivalent frame models for in-plane and out-of-plane response of unreinforced masonry buildings

Francesco Vanin

The seismic assessment of masonry buildings, both modern unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and historical heritage constructions, is a complex task, characterised by a several sources of uncertainty, which regard the appropriate modelling of strategy th ...

EPFL2019

Shear to elastic modulus ratio in unreinforced masonry

Katrin Beyer, Bastian Valentin Wilding, Michele Godio, Leilah Yadia Kelly Sory

In the seismic design of unreinforced masonry walls, the elastic modulus E and shear modulus G are essential parameters for the calculation of the in-plane wall stiffness. Current codes provide empirical estimates of the elastic modulus and furthermore a r ...

2019

The effective stiffness of modern unreinforced masonry walls

Katrin Beyer, Bastian Valentin Wilding

Code design of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is based on elastic anal-ysis, which requires as input parameter the effective stiffness of URM walls. Eurocode estimates the effective stiffness as 50% of the gross sectional elastic stiffness, but compa ...

2018