Vehicle-to-everything

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian), V2D (vehicle-to-device). The main motivations for V2X are road safety, traffic efficiency, energy savings, and mass surveillance. The U.S. NHTSA estimates a minimum of 13% reduction in traffic accidents if a V2V system were implemented, resulting in 439,000 fewer crashes per year. There are two types of V2X communication technology depending on the underlying technology being used: (1) WLAN-based, and (2) cellular-based. The V2X contains the following sub categories: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) - "communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle." Vehicle-to-Device (V2D) - Bluetooth / WiFi-Direct, e.g. Apple’s CarPlay and Google’s Android Auto. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) - information exchange with the smart grid to balance loads more efficiently. Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), also known as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) - communication based on Cellular (3GPP) / 802.11p. Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) - e.g. OTA updates, remote vehicle diagnostics (DoIP). Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) - e.g. traffic lights, lane markers and parking meters. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) - e.g. wheelchairs and bicycles. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) - real-time data exchange with nearby vehicles. The history of working on vehicle-to-vehicle communication projects to increase safety, reduce accidents and driver assistance can be traced back to the 1970s with projects such as the US Electronic Road Guidance System (ERGS) and Japan's CACS. Most milestones in the history of vehicle networks originate from the United States, Europe, and Japan. Standardization of WLAN-based V2X supersedes that of cellular-based V2X systems.