Publications related to Viral entry

Inactivation of influenza A virus in expiratory droplets and aerosol particles and the associated physicochemical drivers

Influenza is an infectious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Every year, it causes up to one billion cases of disease worldwide. Despite its high disease burden, the transmission pathway of influenza remains subject to debate. There is incre ...

EPFL2024

Multivalent Virucidal Antivirals: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Immune-stimulating Effects

Yong Zhu

Viruses initiate invasion by binding to cell surface glycoproteins. Materials mimicking the carbohydrate motifs of these glycoproteins, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and sialic acid (SA) can block viral attachment and inhibit the infection. Multivalent disp ...

EPFL2023

PSGL-1 is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral restriction factor

Ying Liu, Chao Jiang

The arms race between viruses and their hosts shaped the evolutionary history and the genome composition of both parties. Restriction factors are the first-line antiviral effectors encoded by the host genomes and are often conserved through evolution to pr ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2023

Simultaneous membrane and RNA binding by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus capsid protein

Sarah Victoria Barrass

Tick-borne encephalitis virus is an enveloped, pathogenic, RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Viral particles are formed when the nucleocapsid, consisting of an RNA genome and multiple copies of the capsid protein, buds through the end ...

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE2023

Antiviral Mechanism of Virucidal Sialic Acid Modified Cyclodextrin

Francesco Stellacci, Paulo Henrique Jacob Silva, Yong Zhu, Marine Batista, Andrey Sysoev

We have reported that CD-6'SLN [6-sialyllactosamine (6'SLN)-modified beta-cyclodextrin (CD)] can be a potential anti-influenza drug because it irreversibly deactivates virions. Indeed, in vivo, CD-6'SLN improved mice survival in an H1N1 infection model eve ...

MDPI2023

Genotype-Dependent Kinetics of Enterovirus Inactivation by Free Chlorine and Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation

Tamar Kohn, Shotaro Torii

Inactivation kinetics of enterovirus by disinfection is often studied using a single laboratory strain of a given genotype. Environmental variants of enterovirus are genetically distinct from the corresponding laboratory strain, yet it is poorly understood ...

2022

Phase separation in viral infections

Christina Ernst, Haohua Li

Viruses rely on the reprogramming of cellular processes to enable efficient viral replication; this often requires subcompartmentalization within the host cell. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a fundamental principle to organize and su ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2022

Advances in the development of entry inhibitors for sialic-acid-targeting viruses

Francesco Stellacci, Özgün Kocabiyik, Matteo Gasbarri

Over the past decades, several antiviral drugs have been developed to treat a range of infections. Yet the number of treatable viral infections is still limited, and resistance to current drug regimens is an ever-growing problem. Therefore, additional stra ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2021

A high-throughput cell- and virus-free assay shows reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Didier Trono, Priscilla Turelli, Florence Pojer, Charlène Mireille Raymonde Raclot, Valeria Cagno, Jérémy Campos, Céline Pellaton

The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies in the serum of an individual indicates previous infection or vaccination. However, it provides limited insight into the protective nature of this immune resp ...

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE2021

Antiviral Screen against Canine Distemper Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion Activity

Gerardo Turcatti, Marc Chambon, Jonathan Patrice Vesin

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a close relative of the human pathogen measles virus (MeV), is an enveloped, negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus and causes severe diseases in dogs and other carnivores. Although the vaccination is ...

2021

Salt enhances the thermostability of enteroviruses by stabilizing capsid protein interfaces

Tamar Kohn, Matteo Dal Peraro, Simon Meister, Alessio Prunotto

Enteroviruses are common agents of infectious disease that are spread by the fecal-oral route. They are readily inactivated by mild heat, which causes the viral capsid to disintegrate or undergo conformational change. While beneficial for the thermal treat ...

American Society for Microbiology2020

Sulfonated Nanomaterials with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Extending beyond Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Viruses

Francesco Stellacci, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Gasbarri, Chiara Medaglia

Viral infections are among the main causes of death worldwide, and we lack antivirals for the majority of viruses. Heparin-like sulfated or sulfonated compounds have been known for decades for their ability to prevent infection by heparan sulfate proteogly ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2020

A high-content image-based drug screen of clinical compounds against cell transmission of adenovirus

Gerardo Turcatti, Fabien Kuttler

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are fatal to immuno-suppressed individuals, but no effective anti-HAdV therapy is available. Here, we present a novel image-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform, which scores the full viral replication cycle from virus ...

2020

Structural investigation of ACE2 dependent disassembly of the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein

Henning Paul-Julius Stahlberg, David Hacker, Florence Pojer, Kelvin Ka Ching Lau, Dongchun Ni

The human membrane protein Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) acts as the main receptor for host cells invasion of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The viral surface glycoprotein Spike binds to hACE2, which triggers virus entry into cells. As of today, ...

2020

Biological fluid dynamics of airborne COVID-19 infection

Andrea Rinaldo

We review the state of knowledge on the bio-fluid dynamic mechanisms involved in the transmission of the infection from SARS-CoV-2. The relevance of the subject stems from the key role of airborne virus transmission by viral particles released by an infect ...

2020

SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Sulfonated Compounds

Francesco Stellacci, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Gasbarri

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cellular entry, but it might also rely on attachment receptors such as heparan sulfates. Several groups have recently demonstrated an ...

2020

Virus-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

Lucie Josepha Marie Bracq

Cell-cell fusion between eukaryotic cells is a general process involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, including infections by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses use intracellular machineries ...

2020

Initial Step of Virus Entry: Virion Binding to Cell-Surface Glycans

Laurent Gillet, Christian Sieben

Virus infection is an intricate process that requires the concerted action of both viral and host cell components. Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and cell-surface receptors. Various cell-surface glycans func ...

ANNUAL REVIEWS2020

Influenza A viruses use multivalent sialic acid clusters for cell binding and receptor activation

Suliana Manley, Christian Sieben

Influenza A virus (IAV) binds its host cell using the major viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). HA recognizes sialic acid, a plasma membrane glycan that functions as the specific primary attachment factor (AF). Since sialic acid alone cannot fulfill ...

2020

E-coli-MS2 bacteriophage interactions during solar disinfection of wastewater and the subsequent post-irradiation period

César Pulgarin, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Stefanos Giannakis, Margaux Océane Voumard

In this study, the effect of MS2 bacteriophage on the inactivation of its Escherichia coli host was evaluated in an effort to recreate some the main factors governing solar disinfection of wastewater (namely microbial growth, infection, photonic flux). As ...

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA2019