Publications related to Earth potential rise

High-frequency response of a hemispherical grounding electrode

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

The lightning discharge current is characterized by a high-frequency spectrum extending from DC to about 10 MHz. The calculation of the grounding impedance is one of the most important aspects of designing lightning protection systems. The search for analy ...

Elsevier2024

Assessment of the Feasibility of Applying the Electromagnetic Time Reversal Theory to Locate Defects in Grounding Electrodes

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Hamidreza Karami, Rafael Silva Alipio

In recent years, the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory has been successfully applied for locating various sources of disturbances, such as short-circuit faults, in power systems. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of applyin ...

2023

Three-dimensional multilayer concentric bipolar electrodes restrict spatial activation in optic nerve stimulation

Diego Ghezzi, Eleonora Borda, Marta Jole Ildelfonsa Airaghi Leccardi, Vivien Gaillet, Elodie Geneviève Zollinger, Ricardo Camilo Moreira

Objective. Intraneural nerve interfaces often operate in a monopolar configuration with a common and distant ground electrode. This configuration leads to a wide spreading of the electric field. Therefore, this approach is suboptimal for intraneural nerve ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2022

Impact of Frequency-Dependent Soil Models on Grounding System Performance for Direct and Indirect Lightning Strikes

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

The goal of this article is to investigate the effect of frequency-dependent soil models on the performance of grounding electrodes subjected to lightning strikes. Several soil models are examined while accounting for the variation of soil resistivity and ...

2021

Three-Dimensional FDTD-Based Simulation of Induced Surges in Secondary Circuits Owing to Primary-Circuit Surges in Substations

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Akiyoshi Tatematsu

Currently, plenty of sensitive electronic devices are installed in secondary circuits in substations and power plants. Electronic devices may malfunction and become damaged owing to electromagnetic disturbances caused mainly by lightning surges. To protect ...

2021

Grounding Resistance of a Hemispheric Electrode Located on the Top of a Finite-Height, Cone-Shaped Mountain

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Hamidreza Karami

In this letter, we present an analytical solution for the resistance of a hemispheric grounding electrode located on the top of a mountain. The mountain is modeled as a truncated cone with a finite height. Recently, a closed-form solution for the grounding ...

2020

Isolated vs. Interconnected Wind Turbine Grounding Systems: Effect on the Harmonic Grounding Impedance, Ground Potential Rise and Step Voltage

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Qi Li

Wind turbines are very vulnerable to lightning strikes due to their height, sharp edges and remote locations often with high soil resistivity. In this paper we present numerical simulations of the impedance of a typical wind turbine grounding geometry. We ...

Elsevier2019

Reduction of a Cone-Shaped Terrain Grounding Resistance by Remote Grounding

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

Tall structures such as wind turbines and mobile phone base stations are often installed in remote and hilly locations to gain more power or to have line of sight to end users. Those locations are usually very rocky and characterized by a low-conductivity ...

IEEE2019

Tower and Path-Dependent Voltage Effects on the Measurement of Grounding Impedance for Lightning Studies

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Hamidreza Karami, Keyhan Sheshyekani

We present an analysis aimed at evaluating the effect of the presence of the tower on the measurement of the grounding impedance. The Numerical Electromagnetics Code NEC-4 is used for the full-wave modeling of the structure including the tower and its foot ...

2019

Calculation of the Grounding Resistance of Structures Located on Elevated Terrain

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

We present an analysis of the response of a grounding electrode located on the top of a mountain. Specifically, we derive an analytical solution for the low-frequency response of a hemispheric grounding electrode buried on the top of a cone-shaped mountain ...

2019

On the representation of thin wires inside lossy dielectric materials for FDTD‐based LEMP simulations

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Akiyoshi Tatematsu

The finite-difference time-domain method is one of the most widely used numerical electromagnetic computation techniques, and it has become an effective tool for analyzing electromagnetic transient phenomena in three-dimensional structures and grounding sy ...

2019

On the Influence of an Elevated Terrain on the Grounding Resistance of a Vertical Rod

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga

In this paper, we analyze the grounding resistance of a vertical grounding rod located in an elevated terrain. Tall structures such as wind turbines and mobile phone base stations are often installed in remote and hilly locations to gain more power or to f ...

2019

On the Influence of an Elevated Terrain on the Grounding Resistance of a Vertical Rod

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri

In this paper, we analyze the grounding resistance of a vertical grounding rod located in an elevated terrain. Tall structures such as wind turbines and mobile phone base stations are often installed in remote and hilly locations to gain more power or to f ...

IEEE2019

Generalized Telegrapher's Equations for Buried Curved Wires

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Damir Cavka

The paper deals with the calculation of transient currents and voltages along curved wire structures buried in a lossy ground using the generalized Telegrapher's equations. The influence of a lossy half space is taken into account by the simplified reflect ...

IEEE2018

Transient Impedance of Interconnected Wind Turbine Grounding Systems

Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Qi Li

Wind turbines are very vulnerable to lightning because of their height, sharp edges and remote locations often with low soil conductivity. In this paper we present numerical simulations of the impedance of a typical wind turbine grounding geometry. We anal ...

IEEE2018

Review of Protection Coordination Technologies in DC Distribution Systems

Drazen Dujic, Seongil Kim

With the evolution of power electronics technologies, DC networks have been considered as promising distribution systems for future grids. This new concept of power systems comes with technical challenges in protection coordination, a result of the no natu ...

2018

Assessing the degradation of compliant electrodes for soft actuators

Herbert Shea, Samuel Rosset, Alexandre Poulin, Christine Anne de Saint-Aubin

We present an automated system to measure the degradation of compliant electrodes used in dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) over millions of cycles. Electrodes for DEAs generally experience biaxial linear strains of more than 10%. The decrease in elect ...

American Institute of Physics2017

Nuclear Quantum Effects in H+ and OH- Diffusion along Confined Water Wires

Michele Ceriotti, Mariana Rossi Carvalho

The diffusion of protons and hydroxide ions along water wires provides an efficient mechanism for charge transport that is exploited by biological membrane channels and shows promise for technological applications such as fuel cells. However, what is lacki ...

Amer Chemical Soc2016

A Comparison of Frequency-Dependent Soil Models: Application to the Analysis of Grounding Systems

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Nicolas Mora Parra, Damir Cavka

We present a review and comparison of different models representing the frequency dependence of the soil electrical parameters (conductivity and permittivity). These models are expressed in terms of curve-fit expressions for the soil conductivity and relat ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2014

Guideline for Numerical Electromagnetic Analysis Method

Mario Paolone, Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Carlo Alberto Nucci

The aim of this document is to provide an extended description and application guide of methods belonging to the so-called Numerical Electromagnetic Analysis (NEA) applied to the calculation of electromagnetic transients in power systems. As known, the acc ...

2013