Explores the generation and interpretation of elliptically polarized light in microscopy, including contrast enhancement techniques and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy.
Explores birefringence in optics, polarizing light using materials with two refractive indices, and manipulating polarization states with wave plates and retarders.
Explores electromagnetic wave properties, polarization, and practical applications, emphasizing the relationship between electric field intensity and light intensity.
Explores dispersion in anisotropic media, covering k surface, uniaxial crystals, double refraction, beam walk-off, and applications of birefringent crystals.
Explores the photon concept in electromagnetic waves, including energy, momentum, emission by charges, coherence length, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
