Covers the Earth's climate system components, interactions, and energy balance, including the impact of anthropogenic forcings and the role of the biosphere.
Covers the concept of chemical quantities, including physical and chemical quantities, atomic mass, isotopes, Avogadro's number, molar mass, molecules, and concentration.
Explores the origin of radionuclides from supernova explosions and their role in nature, covering topics such as nuclear astrophysics, cosmic element formation, and stellar evolution.
Explores the historical presence and effects of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, covering sources, impacts on health and the environment, emissions from metal smelters, and reduction strategies.
Explores the impact of air pollution on agriculture, cities, and industries, discussing sources, historical episodes, current problems, regulations, and global trends.
