Explores chemical equilibrium, including equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle, and temperature effects.
Explores the equilibrium in carbonate systems, including species like H₂CO3 and HCO3, with examples and exercises.
Explores acid-base equilibrium principles, activity calculations, and environmental applications with detailed examples and graphical representations.
Explores water quality modeling, focusing on reaction kinetics, equilibrium constants, and temperature effects, with practical examples of calcite precipitation and iron oxidation.
Explores the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs Free Energy, equilibrium constants, and Le Châtelier's Principle.
Introduces the fundamentals of acids and bases, covering definitions, pH scale, autoprotolysis of water, and equilibrium constants.
