Explores the optical properties of materials, including reflection, refraction, absorption, and transmission, as well as the behavior of light in optical fibers.
Explores the origin, applications, and representations of complex numbers in crystallography and materials science, including their graphical, polar, and exponential forms.
Explores the wave equation for electromagnetic fields, the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the fundamental velocity of light, and the concept of polarization.
Explores the photon concept in electromagnetic waves, including energy, momentum, emission by charges, coherence length, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
