Explores atoms and radiation lineshapes, covering linewidths, lifetime broadening, and broadening mechanisms, including Lorentzian and Doppler effects.
Explores electromagnetic wave propagation, including Poynting vector, irradiance, dipole radiation, dielectric constant, and natural linewidth in atoms and radiation.
Explores the application of Maxwell's equations to antennas, covering radiation, Poynting vector, potentials, source currents, diffraction, and wave polarization.
Explores the photon concept in electromagnetic waves, including energy, momentum, emission by charges, coherence length, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Explores laser cavities, optical gain, resonators, and diffraction phenomena in laser systems, emphasizing the design and operation of laser oscillators.
