Publications by Marcos Rubinstein

Exploring the portability of ML-based lightning nowcasting models

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Amirhossein Mostajabi

Significant damages caused by lightning can be avoided by predicting lightning and taking precautionary measures. Here, a machine learning model is developed to nowcast lightning flashes using dew point temperature, precipitation, wind speed, wind directio ...

Elsevier2025

Cartesian and spherical multipole expansions in anisotropic media

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Jose Felix Vega Stavro, Elias Per Joachim Le Boudec, Thomas Chaumont

The multipole expansion, a ubiquitous tool in a variety of physical problems, can be formulated in spherical and Cartesian coordinates. By constructing an explicit map linking both formulations in isotropic media, we discover a lack of equivalence between ...

Springer Science and Business Media LLC2025

Underlying Physical Mechanisms in Upward Positive Flashes

Marcos Rubinstein, Thomas Chaumont

This study presents the first observation of a mixed mode (MM) of charge transfer during an upward positive flash, which was initiated from the Säntis Tower in Switzerland. High‐speed camera footage, along with current and electric field measurements, reve ...

American Geophysical Union (AGU)2025

An experimental proof of concept of time‐reversal single‐sensor acoustic source localisation: Application to partial discharges

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Hamidreza Karami, Zhaoyang Wang

In this paper, for the first time, an experimental proof of concept for utilising time reversal (TR) in the acoustic regime to localise partial discharge (PD) sources was presented using a single sensor. To achieve this, an experimental setup comprising a ...

Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)2025

Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga, Thomas Chaumont

X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground lightning for over 20 years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward n ...

Nature Publishing Group2024

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to ...

2024

The time-domain Cartesian multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Nicolas Mora Parra, Elias Per Joachim Le Boudec, Emanuela Radici, Chaouki Kasmi

Time-domain solutions of Maxwell’s equations in homogeneous and isotropic media are paramount to studying transient or broadband phenomena. However, analytical solutions are generally unavailable for practical applications, while numerical solutions are co ...

Nature Publishing Group2024

Spatiotemporal energy‐density distribution of time‐reversed electromagnetic fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Nicolas Mora Parra, Hamidreza Karami, Elias Per Joachim Le Boudec

Time reversal exploits the invariance of electromagnetic wave propagation in reciprocal and lossless media to localize radiating sources. Time-reversed measurements are back-propagated in a simulated domain and converge to the unknown source location. The ...

2024

Partial discharge localization in power transformer tanks using machine learning methods

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Hamidreza Karami

This paper presents a comparison of machine learning (ML) methods used for three-dimensional localization of partial discharges (PD) in a power transformer tank. The study examines ML and deep learning (DL) methods, ranging from support vector machines (SV ...

Nature Publishing Group2024

Electromagnetic time reversal for online partial discharge location in power cables: Influence of interfering reflections from grid components

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

In online single-sided partial discharge (PD) location, the measured PD reflection patterns are affected by the characteristics of all the components of the associated power network. This paper analyses the performance of a PD location method based on elec ...

2024

High-frequency response of a hemispherical grounding electrode

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga

The lightning discharge current is characterized by a high-frequency spectrum extending from DC to about 10 MHz. The calculation of the grounding impedance is one of the most important aspects of designing lightning protection systems. The search for analy ...

Elsevier2024

Mountaintop Gamma Ray Observations of Three Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes at the Säntis Tower, Switzerland With Coincident Radio Waveforms

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Antonio Sunjerga

We report on the mountain top observation of three terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) that occurred during the summer storm season of 2021. To our knowledge, these are the first TGFs observed in a mountaintop environment and the first published European ...

2024

High Resolution Time-Reversal Imaging: A Comparison between Time-Reversal MUSIC and DORT

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Hamidreza Karami

2024

Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are impulsive and powerful intracloud discharges. Recent observations indicate that some NBEs exhibit a slanted orientation rather than strictly vertical. This paper investigates the effect of the slanted NBEs using a newly dev ...

American Geophysical Union (AGU)2024

An Engineering Model to Represent Positive Return Strokes—An Extension of the Modified Transmission Line (MTL) Model

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

An engineering model to represent positive return strokes is introduced as an extension of the Modified Transmission Line model with Linear Current Decay (MTLL). This extension is grounded in experimental data on the electric fields and currents associated ...

MDPI AG2024

Application of the Smorgonskiy Method for the Estimation of Upward Lightning Incidence on Tall Towers Using WWLLN Data - Preliminary Results

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Thomas Chaumont

2024

Dataset for Mt. Säntis Upward Positive Flash on July 24, 2021, at 16:24 UTC

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Antonio Sunjerga

This dataset captures the Mt. Säntis upward positive flash event on 2021-07-24 at 16:24 UTC. It includes video recordings and data files from various acquisition systems. The data are intended for lightning research and analysis. ...

Zenodo2024

Physics and technology of Laser Lightning Control

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

The recent development of high average, high peak power lasers has revived the effort of using lasers as a potential tool to influence natural lightning. Although impressive, the current progress in laser lightning control technology may only be the beginn ...

IOP Publishing2024

Application of Benford’s Law to Continental-Scale Lightning Data

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein

Lightning can cause human and livestock casualties, infrastructure damage, and flight disruptions all across the world. By timely and accurately predicting its occurrence, preventive measures can be put in place without over-disrupting the daily routines. ...

2024

Semi-analytical gray-box modeling of antennas in the time domain and application to impulse radiating antennas

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Jose Felix Vega Stavro, Elias Per Joachim Le Boudec

Impulse radiating antennas, proposed by C. E. Baum in 1989 [1], allow to generate impulse-like, broadband, high-amplitude electromagnetic fields. Applications include electromagnetic compatibility testing and remote sensing [2,3]. Analytical and semi-analy ...

SciTech Publishing Inc.2024