Publications by Claudio Bruschini

Multifrequency-resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Samuel Burri, Tommaso Milanese

The Hanbury Brown–Twiss (HBT) effect holds a pivotal place in intensity interferometry and gave a seminal contribution to the development of quantum optics. To observe such an effect, both good spectral and timing resolutions are necessary. Most often, the ...

AIP Publishing2025

Optimizing photon capture: advancements in amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates

Christophe Ballif, Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Nicolas Würsch, Luca Massimiliano Antognini, Samira Alexandra Frey, Emanuele Ripiccini

Microchannel plates are electron multipliers widely used in applications such as particle detection, imaging, or mass spectrometry and are often paired with a photocathode to enable photon detection. Conventional microchannel plates, made of glass fibers, ...

2025

Teaching single-photon detection metrology with off-the-shelf CMOS SPAD detectors

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Ekin Kizilkan, Utku Karaca

The fabrication of the first CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) back in 2003 paved the way to a range of photodetection applications based on single-photon detection, photon counting, and photon time-stamping. In turn, it has become more and more ...

SPIE2025

Predicting Important Photons for Energy-Efficient Single-Photon Videography

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) detect individual photons with fine temporal resolutions, enabling capabilities like imaging in near-total darkness, extreme dynamic range, and rapid motion. Due to these capabilities, and coupled with the recent emerg ...

2025

Mismatch and Retention Time Analysis of Drams Down to 4 K

Claudio Bruschini

This paper explores the retention time (RT) properties of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) arrays at cryogenic temperatures (4 K). We provide an in-depth examination of leakage sources to elucidate RT behaviour across different temperatures, and we cond ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2025

Fast data-driven spectrometer with direct measurement of time and frequency for multiple single photons

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Samuel Burri

We present a single-photon-sensitive spectrometer based on a linear array of 512 single-photon avalanche diode detectors with 0.04 nm spectral and 40 ps temporal resolutions. We employ a fast data-driven operation that allows direct measurement of time and ...

2025

Beneath the surface: revealing deep-tissue blood flow in human subjects with massively parallelized diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Arin Can Ülkü, Michael Alan Wayne

Significance: Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) allows label-free, non-invasive investigation of microvascular dynamics deep within tissue, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in DCS limits its effective cerebra ...

SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng2025

Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of single molecules with a gated single-photon camera

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Aleksandra Radenovic, Matteo Dal Peraro, Nathan Cyprien Arsène Ronceray

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool to discriminate fluorescent molecules or probe their nanoscale environment. Traditionally, FLIM uses time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), which is precise but intrinsically low-t ...

2025

Mesoscopic light-sheet imaging set-up for 3D SWIR fluorescence intensity and NIR fluorescence lifetime imaging

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon

Fluorescence lifetime imaging offers the unique ability to monitor the molecular status of the tissue microenvironment. However, the scattering nature of tissues remains a challenge for mesoscopic 3D high resolution imaging. We introduce the design of a me ...

SPIE2025

Massively multiplexed wide-field photon correlation sensing

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Michael Alan Wayne

Temporal photon correlations have been a crucial resource for quantum and quantum-enabled optical science for over half a century. However, attaining non-classical information through these correlations has typically been limited to a single point (or, at ...

2025

Time-resolved detectors for quantum ghost imaging

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Paul Mos, Yang Lin

Quantum ghost imaging is a method that utilizes thecorrelated detection of two photons to generate an image. One photonis detected by an imaging sensor and the other by a single-elementbucket detector. The selection of the imaging sensor and itscapabilitie ...

2025

Developing photodetectors for future RICH particle detector applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Utku Karaca, Ming-Lo Wu, Won Yong Ha

The proposed next generation of particle physics experiments utilizing ring imaging Cherenkov detectors (RICH) will require photodetectors with 100 ps timing, mm2 granularity, large active area and the ability to operate in increasingly harsh environments. ...

SPIE2025

Characterizing and exploiting cross-talk effect in SPAD arrays for two-photon interference

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Tommaso Milanese

SPAD arrays are becoming a popular choice for measuring two-photon interference effects thanks to their high timing precision, fast readout, and high quantum efficiency. However, such sensors are affected by cross-talk that may mimic the useful signal. Eve ...

SPIE2025

SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD cameras with continuous streaming at up to 100 kpfs and picosecond system-level synchronization for quantum imaging applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Arin Can Ülkü, Andrei Ardelean, Paul Mos

The SwissSPAD2/3 camera family is based on quarter megapixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time gated imagers. The 16.38-µm low-noise pixels feature a single-bit memory and built-in all-solid-state nanosecond time gating without the need for externa ...

SPIE2024

Subsurface fluorescence time-of-flight imaging using a large-format single-photon avalanche diode sensor for tumor depth assessment

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Arin Can Ülkü, Yichen Feng

Significance: Fluorescence guidance is used clinically by surgeons to visualize anatomical and/or physiological phenomena in the surgical field that are difficult or impossible to detect by the naked eye. Such phenomena include tissue perfusion or molecula ...

SPIE Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers2024

A review of recent developments on CMOS single-photon avalanche diode-based cameras for biomedical time-resolved applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon

All-solid-state time-resolved cameras based on CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays have made very significant advances since the fabrication of the first CMOS SPADs back in 2003. These natively digital sensors are now available in large format ...

SPIE2024

Deep blood flow extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy at photon-starved regimes using SPAD arrays

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Michael Alan Wayne

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an optical technique that allows for non-invasive measurements of tissue perfusion, and is often used for neuromonitoring applications. However, a major challenge of DCS is low SNR for deep tissue measurements. Rec ...

2024

A new double multiplication region method to design high sensitivity and wide spectrum SPADs in standard CMOS technologies

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Ekin Kizilkan, Utku Karaca

Designing SPADs with high sensitivity in a wide wavelength range is crucial since the applications utilizing SPAD-based sensors target different parts of the spectrum. Here, we introduce a novel technique to achieve a wider sensitivity spectrum through the ...

Nature Research2024

Piccolo gated: a CMOS 32×32 SPAD camera with all-solid-state nanosecond time gating and PCIe readout for single-photon time-domain DCS and near-infrared optical tomography

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Tommaso Milanese, Paul Mos, Michael Alan Wayne

The Piccolo gated sensor features a 32x32 SPAD array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operating in time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). The chip enables event-driven readout and a maximum count rate of 220 Mcps. The sensor is based on t ...

SPIE2024

Demonstration of particle tracking with scintillating fibres read out by a SPAD array sensor and application as a neutrino active target

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Paul Mos, Michael Alan Wayne, Kodai Kaneyasu

Scintillating fibre detectors combine sub-mm resolution particle tracking, precise measurements of the particle stopping power and sub-ns time resolution. Typically, fibres are read out with silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Hence, if fibres with a few hund ...

Springer2024