Publications by Francesco Gramuglia

A Gradient-Gated SPAD Array for Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging

Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Jiuxuan Zhao, Pouyan Keshavarzian

Time-resolved non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging based on single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors have demonstrated impressive results in recent years. To acquire adequate number of indirect photons from a hidden scene in the presence of overwhelming ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2024

SPAD Developed in 55 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Technology Achieving Near 90% Peak PDP

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Ekin Kizilkan, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Won Yong Ha

We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) developed in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, which achieves high photon detection probability (PDP) while its breakdown voltage is lower than 20 V. To enhance the PDP performance, the SPAD junctio ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2024

Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Scalable Particle Detection

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Ekin Kizilkan, Ming-Lo Wu, Emanuele Ripiccini

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), also referred to as Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, are primarily utilized in photon detection and counting. In this work, we present a measurement of the time-of-flight of minimum ionizing particles with outstand ...

IEEE2023

A 3.3-Gb/s SPAD-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Mario Stipcevic

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are a burgeoning technology used for a variety of applications, including modern security and encryption systems. Typical methods exploit an entropy source combined with an extraction or bit generation circuit in or ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2023

Sub-10 ps Minimum Ionizing Particle Detection With Geiger-Mode APDs

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Ming-Lo Wu, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio, Emanuele Ripiccini

Major advances in silicon pixel detectors, with outstanding timing performance, have recently attracted significant attention in the community. In this work we present and discuss the use of state-of-the-art Geiger-mode APDs, also known as single-photon av ...

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022

Low-noise high-dynamic-range single-photon avalanche diodes with integrated PQAR circuit in a standard 55 nm BCD

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Ekin Kizilkan, Pouyan Keshavarzian

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based sensors and systems enable a variety of applications in biomedical, automotive, consumer, and security domains. While several established standard technologies, which can facilitate the design of SPAD-based system ...

SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING2022

High-Performance CMOS SPAD-Based Sensors for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Francesco Gramuglia

Detecting light, photon by photon, has been possible since the 1930s, with the invention of the photomultiplier tube (PMT). However, it is only since the 1970s, that solid-state single-photon detectors have emerged and only since 2003 that a new technology ...

EPFL2022

A Low-noise CMOS SPAD Pixel with 12.1 ps SPTR and 3 ns Dead Time

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Ming-Lo Wu

In this paper, we present the first CMOS SPAD with performance comparable or better than that of the best custom SPADs, to date. The SPAD-based design, fully integrated in 180 nm CMOS technology, achieves a peak PDP of 55% at 480nm with a very broad spectr ...

2022

Radiation Hardness Study of Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Space and High Energy Physics Applications

Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Kazuhiro Morimoto, Ekin Kizilkan, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Ming-Lo Wu, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio, Emanuele Ripiccini

The radiation hardness of 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-double-diffused MOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) is studied using 10 MeV and 100 MeV protons up to a displacement damage dose of 1 PeV/g. It is ...

MDPI2022

On Analog Silicon Photomultipliers in Standard 55-nm BCD Technology for LiDAR Applications

Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Jiuxuan Zhao, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Tommaso Milanese

We present an analog silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based on a standard 55-nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. The SiPM is composed of 16 x 16 single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and measures 0.29 x 0.32 mm(2). Each SPAD cell is passively quenched by ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2022

SPAD Microcells with 12.1 ps SPTR for SiPMs in TOF-PET Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Ming-Lo Wu

IEEE2021

Engineering Breakdown Probability Profile for PDP and DCR Optimization in a SPAD Fabricated in a Standard 55nm BCD Process

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Ekin Kizilkan, Pouyan Keshavarzian

CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) have broken into the mainstream by enabling the adoption of imaging, timing, and security technologies in a variety of applications within the consumer, medical and industrial domains. The continued scaling of te ...

2021

Deep cryogenic operation of 55 nm CMOS SPADs for quantum information and metrology applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Alban Olivier E Morelle, Pouyan Keshavarzian

2021

Architecture and Characterization of a CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio

IEEE2021

CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight Vision Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio

International Image Sensors Society2021

Towards the ideal PET detector: a scalable architecture with high intrinsic spatial resolution, DOI and sub-200 ps TOF capability

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Emanuele Ripiccini

IEEE2021

Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia, Simone Frasca, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Emanuele Ripiccini

Scintillators play a key role in the detection chain of several applications which rely on the use of ionizing radiation, and it is often mandatory to extract and detect the generated scintillation light as efficiently as possible. Typical inorganic scinti ...

2021

Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Nicolas Maxime André Descharmes, Francesco Gramuglia, Simone Frasca, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Emanuele Ripiccini

2020

CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo

2020

A Sensor Network Architecture for Digital SiPM-Based PET Systems

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Francesco Gramuglia

Digital silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) have emerged in the recent past as a viable low cost alternative to photomultiplier tubes in positron emission tomography systems, providing multiple timestamps, energy and scintillation coordinates at high spatial ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2018