Publications by Caroline Karmann

User evaluations of fabric shades with sun in the field of view: Glare model performance and implications for EN14501 Classification

Discomfort glare from daylight is common in workspaces, where daylight and luminance contrast between light source and background can be excessive. Fabric shadings can mitigate glare, but their light transmission properties remain difficult to characterize ...

2025

Clear vs. overcast: Effects of sky condition on daylit view perception in virtual reality

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann, Yunjoung Cho

This study investigates how changing sky conditions in window views influence visual perception in a virtual reality environment. Over two experimental sessions, participants viewed 10 distinct window scenes, each recorded as real-time videos under clear a ...

Elsevier BV2025

Perception of window views in VR: Impact of display and type of motion on subjective and physiological responses

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann, Yunjoung Cho

This study investigates the effect of dynamic and static representations of window views on visual perception in a virtual reality environment. Across two experimental sessions, participants were exposed to fifteen different views-out scenes of passive nat ...

Elsevier BV2025

Comparative analysis of LDR vs. HDR imaging: Quantifying luminosity variability and sky dynamics through complementary image processing techniques

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann, Dong Hyun Kim, Yunjoung Cho

This study introduces a novel procedure combining image analysis techniques to examine the temporal changes in natural light, a key aspect in daylighting and built environment research. Our approach utilizes both Low Dynamic Range (LDR) and High Dynamic Ra ...

Elsevier BV2025

Saliency prediction in 360° architectural scenes: Performance and impact of daylight variations

Marilyne Andersen, Sabine Süsstrunk, Kynthia Chamilothori, Bahar Aydemir, Caroline Karmann, Seungryong Kim

Saliency models are image-based prediction models that estimate human visual attention. Such models, when applied to architectural spaces, could pave the way for design decisions where visual attention is taken into account. In this study, we tested the pe ...

2023

User assessment of fabric shading devices with a low openness factor

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Caroline Karmann

Providing adequate glare protection and a view to the outside through fabric shading devices is challenging because these two objectives require conflicting material properties for a fully lowered shading. In a semi -controlled office-like experiment invol ...

2023

Dynamism in the context of views out: A literature review

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann, Yunjoung Cho

Previous studies have shown that access to a satisfactory view to the outside with sufficient daylight is essential for building occupants' health and well-being. It has also been suggested that certain features of visual content improve view-out quality, ...

2023

A VR-based workflow to assess perception of daylit views-out with a focus on dynamism and immersion

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann, Yunjoung Cho

Amongst the elements often overlooked in existing studies, dynamic movement and temporal changes in the content of views-out have been suggested to have a high potential to improve its perceived quality and occupant satisfaction. Moreover, in past and ongo ...

IOP Publishing2023

Comparison of questionnaire items for discomfort glare studies in daylit spaces

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Clotilde Marie A Pierson, Geraldine Cai Ting Quek, Sneha Jain, Caroline Karmann

When studying discomfort glare, researchers tend to rely on a single questionnaire item to obtain user evaluations. It is unclear whether the choice of questionnaire item affects the distribution of user responses and leads to inconsistencies between studi ...

2023

Window View Quality: Why It Matters and What We Should Do

Marilyne Andersen, Caroline Karmann

We lack consensus on a unified definition for window view quality that is applicable across occupancies and building types. In addition, while this is a topic of growing interest, there is limited research underway due to its complex nature, insufficient f ...

2022

In-situ evaluation of high-performance glazing based on illuminance and glare

Marilyne Andersen, Jean-Louis Scartezzini, Andreas Schueler, André Gabriel Kostro, Jan Wienold, Pietro Florio, Caroline Karmann

High-technology glazing panes are designed to meet the need for natural light, while optimizing key functions such as reducing solar heat gain in spaces and/or redirecting daylight to the rear of the spaces. However, the actual performance in terms of both ...

2022

Behind electrochromic glazing: Assessing user's perception of glare from the sun in a controlled environment

Jan Wienold, Sneha Jain, Caroline Karmann

The adaptable transmittance of electrochromic glazing allows to control the solar radiation entering buildings, yet the level of transmittance needed to protect from glare is still an unanswered question. To bridge this gap, this study evaluates the level ...

2022

Impact of Brightness on Glare Perception when Using Shading Fabrics

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Caroline Karmann

Access to daylight and views out are usually recognized as beneficial to occupant comfort at the workplace. Simultaneously, discomfort glare due to direct sunlight is a known source of occupant dissatisfaction. Shading fabrics with low openness factor have ...

PLEA2022

Field evaluation of thermal and acoustical comfort in eight North-American buildings using embedded radiant systems

Caroline Karmann

We performed a post-occupancy assessment based on 500 occupant surveys in eight buildings using embedded radiant heating and cooling systems. This study follows-up on a quantitative assessment of 60 office buildings that found radiant and all-air buildings ...

2021

Virtual reality to assess visual attraction and perceived interest to daylit scene variations

Marilyne Andersen, Kynthia Chamilothori, Bahar Aydemir, Caroline Karmann

Façades and light pattern composition have been shown to influence the spatial experience and physiological responses of humans [1,2]. The present study examines the effect of sunlight penetration and window size on fixations to the floor of the scene, and ...

2021

Environmental preferences of occupants: A multi-domain approach in the Swiss open office case study

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Dusan Licina, Dolaana Khovalyg, Arnab Chatterjee, Caroline Karmann, Verena Marie Barthelmes

Defining indoor environmental conditions that meet the needs and preferences of occupants in open space offices can be challenging since the same space might be occupied by people with different individual needs and preferences regarding what constitutes a ...

IOP Science2021

Global Environmental Stimuli and Human-Building Interaction in Open Space Offices: A Swiss Case Study

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Dusan Licina, Dolaana Khovalyg, Arnab Chatterjee, Maria Viviana Gonzalez Serrano, Caroline Karmann, Verena Marie Barthelmes

Office employees are exposed to a variety of environmental and contextual stimuli that might drive them to perform control actions, such as operating windows or window blinds. These actions have a significant impact on building energy use and increase unce ...

AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS2021

Comparing temperature and acoustic satisfaction in 60 radiant and all-air buildings (vol 126, pg 431, 2017)

Caroline Karmann

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2021

Subjective assessment of visual comfort in a daylit workplace with an electrochromic glazed facade

Jan Wienold, Sneha Jain, Caroline Karmann

Electrochromic (EC) glazing is increasingly employed in building facades to achieve better visual comfort for the occupants. EC glazing can modulate the light entering through the facade by varying the solar transmittance of the glass and therefore can wor ...

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2021

Triggers behind human-building interactions from a user perspective: results and effectiveness of capturing motivations in real-time

Marilyne Andersen, Jan Wienold, Dusan Licina, Dolaana Khovalyg, Caroline Karmann, Verena Marie Barthelmes

2020