Publication

Hydrogenation and hydroformylation in ionic liquids, water and biphasic systems

2004
Theses

Abstract

This work covers homogeneous and biphasic catalysis in ionic liquids and water. The work presented herein is divided into two major parts: catalytic hydrogenation and catalytic hydroformylation. The first part also serves as an introduction to catalysis in ionic liquids and water in general. The hydrogen solubility in ionic liquids is determined, and the effect on hydrogenation turnover frequencies in the catalytic reduction of benzene to cyclohexane in ionic liquids studied. The ruthenium catalysed reduction of bicarbonate in ionic liquid-aqueous biphasic systems is investigated and the in situ identification of ruthenium species reported. Recycling of the catalyst was hampered by the formation of inactive ruthenium carbonyl species. Preliminary results in the reduction of maleic acid and 5-hexen-2-one under solvent-free conditions, in water and in the presence of ionic liquids are reported. Whereas the mechanism appears to be colloidal when the reduction is carried out neat and in the presence of ionic liquid, it may be homogeneous in water. The second part is concerned with hydroformylation in ionic liquids. The solubility of carbon monoxide has been determined in a considerable number of ionic liquids, and the influence of the anion and cation on the solubility studied. The influence was found to be greater than for dihydrogen. The results were correlated with rhodium catalysed hydroformylation in ionic liquids. Finally, the development of a solvent-parameter scale for the prediction of solvent properties of ionic liquids is introduced. The approach was found to allow for the prediction of the carbon monoxide solubility in ionic liquids.

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/0e5ca3ca-5c57-43cf-aacf-62b928c697d2

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2004
Theses

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/0e5ca3ca-5c57-43cf-aacf-62b928c697d2

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Solubility

In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubility of a substance in a specific solvent is generally measured as the concentration of the solute in a saturated solution, one in which no more solute can be dissolved. At this point, the two substances are said to be at the solubility equilibrium.

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures.

Hydroformylation

In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes () from alkenes (). This chemical reaction entails the net addition of a formyl group () and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention: production capacity reached 6.6 tons in 1995. It is important because aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products.

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