Publication

Growth of intermetallic compounds in the Au-In system: Experimental study and 1-D modelling

Michel Rappaz, Aïcha Hessler-Wyser, Léa Deillon
2014
Journal Articles

Abstract

The gold indium system is of primary interest for bonding processes such as solid liquid interdiffusion bonding. In order to optimize the manufacturing parameters, it is essential to know which intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are formed when solid Au and liquid In are brought into close contact with each other, and what are their growth kinetics. For this purpose, we fabricated diffusion couples above and below the melting point of In (for T = 250 and 150 degrees C respectively). Three IMCs, identified as AuIn2, AuIn and Au7In3, are always observed in the reaction zone, even after short times. AuIn2 is the thickest and fastest growing layer and AuIn is only present as a thin layer. Whereas AuIn2 and AuIn exhibit an equiaxed structure, Au7In3 is found to grow as columnar grains. The diffusion coefficients in each phase were determined by means of a 1-D finite difference modelling of In diffusion. The values are consistent and can be used to predict the growth rate as a function of temperature and time, i.e. to simulate a whole bonding process with finite thicknesses. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Michel Rappaz, Aïcha Hessler-Wyser, Léa Deillon
2014
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/3f659577-177f-496c-ab1f-8eab3afb9262

About this result

Related concepts (29)

Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential. It is possible to diffuse "uphill" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, like in spinodal decomposition. Diffusion is a stochastic process due to the inherent randomness of the diffusing entity and can be used to model many real-life stochastic scenarios.

Ionic bonding

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. It is one of the main types of bonding, along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding. Ions are atoms (or groups of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that gain electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make positively charged ions (called cations).

Fick's laws of diffusion

Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation. A diffusion process that obeys Fick's laws is called normal or Fickian diffusion; otherwise, it is called anomalous diffusion or non-Fickian diffusion.

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