Sur quelques équations aux dérivées partielles en lien avec le lemme de Poincaré

In this thesis, we study two distinct problems. The first problem consists of studying the linear system of partial differential equations which consists of taking a k-form, and applying the exterior derivative 'd' to it and add the wedge product with a 1-form 'a'. The study of this differential operator is linked to the study of the multiplication by a two form, that is the system of linear equations where we take a k-form and apply the exterior wedge product by 'da', the exterior derivative of 'a'. We establish links between the partial differential equation and the linear system. The second problem is a generalization of the symmetric gradient and the curl equation. The equation of a symmetric gradient consists of taking a vector field, apply the gradient and then add the transpose of the gradient, whereas in the curl equation we subtract the transpose of the gradient. Both can be seen as an equation of the form A * grad u + (grad u)t * A, where A is a symmetric matrix for the case of the symmetric gradient and skew symmetric for the curl equation. We generalize to the case where A verifies no symmetry assumption and more significantly add a Dirichlet condition on the boundary.