A novel approach for linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller synthesis for adaptive rejection of frequency-varying sinusoidal disturbances is proposed. Only the frequency response data of a linear time-invariant (LTI) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system are used to design the LPV controller that stabilizes the system for arbitrarily fast variation of the disturbance frequencies. Global stability is achieved thanks to the specific structure of the LPV controller and the use of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) to represent the frequency variations. The LPV controller is designed by convex optimization in the frequency domain. A hybrid microvibration damping platform (MIVIDA) for space applications is considered for experimental validation of the proposed method. An LPV controller for rejection of unknown frequency-varying sinusoidal disturbances is designed and implemented on the real system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in asymptotically rejecting disturbances and ensuring closed-loop stability against arbitrarily fast variations in disturbance frequencies.