Publication
This study assesses the accuracy of the formulations of Carson and Sunde in modeling ground effects on overhead wires, particularly for high-frequency transients and high-resistivity soils. The results reveal that these traditional formulations tend to underestimate signal attenuation for low-height wires and overestimate it for wires at typical power distribution heights. These findings underscore the need for using more complete formulations for accurate ground effect accounting and predicting signal propagation in various soil conditions, while also advising caution in the use of standard electromagnetic transienttype software for such analyses.