Publication

The influence of sodium and potassium hydroxide on volume changes in cementitious materials

Karen Scrivener, Aditya Kumar
2012
Journal Articles

Abstract

This research investigates the influence of alkali hydroxides on unrestrained volume changes. A detailed multi-method approach is used to characterize the progress of cement hydration, autogenous and drying volume changes (i.e., shrinkage), autogenous RH decrease, compressive strength development, solid and liquid phases and the pore structure. It is noted that under autogenous conditions, alkalis magnify shrinkage; while upon external drying the extent of shrinkage is more similar. This is contrary to expectations which suggest that the reduction in the water activity and the negative pressure developed in the liquid phase, produced by alkali enrichment, should reduce shrinkage. Analysis of the autogenous RH decrease, pore solution chemistry and the mechanical properties indicates that the bulk shrinkage response is linked to multiple parameters including: (1) increased self-desiccation at early ages, (2) a reduction in the strength (and stiffness) of alkali-enriched systems and (3) liquid saturation effects. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Karen Scrivener, Aditya Kumar
2012
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/7135dd0e-3e68-4755-9e8b-a4adb39b583a

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than that of a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter.

Liquid crystal

Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals. For example, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many types of LC phases, which can be distinguished by their optical properties (such as textures). The contrasting textures arise due to molecules within one area of material ("domain") being oriented in the same direction but different areas having different orientations.

Phase (matter)

In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. (See .) More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.

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