Optical fibre sensing for fast hotspot detection in SFCLs

The health monitoring of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) is important for their large-scale exploitation in HVDC grids protection. The intrinsic non-homogeneity of critical current along the superconductor length can cause localized points of heating, called hotspots, in the SFCL device which can lead to device damage. In this paper we propose to use an extremely simple and cost-effective technique based on all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometers for hotspot detection in SFCLs, where the measurement arm of the interferometer is integrated with the SFCL and the reference arm remains in ambient. The system only consists of a laser, two optical fibre couplers and a photo detector. By studying the acquired interference patterns, even singular hotspots within the entire conductor length, can be informed in few milli-seconds, which is the fastest and most sensitive demonstration to the best of our knowledge that meets the SFCL requirement for fast hotspot detection.