Philosophie de l'éducationLa philosophie de l'éducation s'attache à comprendre la nature et les enjeux philosophiques de l'éducation, ainsi que ses implications sur le plan individuel et collectif. Elle soulève notamment des questions axiologiques (place de l’autorité) et politiques (formation du citoyen). La démarche philosophique est avant tout une démarche réflexive et conceptuelle.
Education reformEducation reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education. The meaning and education methods have changed through debates over what content or experiences result in an educated individual or an educated society. Historically, the motivations for reform have not reflected the current needs of society. A consistent theme of reform includes the idea that large systematic changes to educational standards will produce social returns in citizens' health, wealth, and well-being.
Learning environmentThe term learning environment can refer to an educational approach, cultural context, or physical setting in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom", but it typically refers to the context of educational philosophy or knowledge experienced by the student and may also encompass a variety of learning cultures—its presiding ethos and characteristics, how individuals interact, governing structures, and philosophy.
Student-centered learningStudent-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement.
Experiential educationExperiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. The term is not interchangeable with experiential learning; however experiential learning is a sub-field and operates under the methodologies of experiential education.
Constructivisme (psychologie)Le constructivisme, théorie de l'apprentissage, a été développée, entre autres, par Piaget, dès 1923, face au béhaviorisme qui, d’après lui, limitait trop l’apprentissage à l’association stimulus-réponse et considérait le sujet comme boîte noire. L’approche constructiviste s'intéresse à l'activité du sujet pour se construire une représentation de la réalité qui l’entoure. Le constructivisme part de l'idée que les connaissances de chaque sujet ne sont pas spécialement une « copie » de la réalité, mais un modèle plus ou moins fidèle de celle-ci construit par lui au cours du temps.
Sciences de l'éducationLes sciences de l’éducation concernent l’étude de différents aspects de l’éducation, et font appel à diverses disciplines : histoire de l'éducation, sociologie de l'éducation, didactique des disciplines, psychologie des apprentissages, pédagogie, ou encore philosophie. À la fin du en France, on parle initialement de science de l'éducation, puis des sciences de l'éducation. Cette discipline est née dans un contexte politique à la fois général et scolaire, avec les lois sur l'instruction obligatoire et la diffusion de l'école publique.
Learning spaceLearning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others.
Pédagogie critiquealt=Le chemin de l'indépendance|vignette|460x460px|Apprenants sur le chemin de l'indépendance selon les penseurs de la Pédagogie Critique, à Auderghem. (Photographie libre de droits, 2020). La pédagogie critique est une philosophie de l'éducation et un mouvement social qui développe et applique des concepts de la théorie critique et de traditions connexes aux domaines de l'éducation et des études culturelles.
Student voiceStudent voice is the individual and collective perspective and actions of students within the context of learning and education. It is identified in schools as both a metaphorical practice and as a pragmatic concern. Tech educator Dennis Harper noted that student voice gives students "the ability to influence learning to include policies, programs, contexts and principles." According to Adam Fletcher, student voice is a phenomenon that has always been present in schools; what makes it noticeable is the willingness of educators and others to listen to student voice.
Science educationScience education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.
Pédagogie du dehorsvignette|Abaque des aires réalisé avec des éléments naturels.|alt= La pédagogie du dehors est une méthode d'enseignement à l'extérieur. Cette méthode a été imaginée par Ella Flatau au Danemark durant les années 1950, à la suite d'une saturation des écoles, et est maintenant utilisée dans beaucoup de pays. Cette idée est basée sur les jardins d'enfants que le pédagogue allemand Friedrich Fröbel imagina auparavant. Selon elle, le fait de jouer dehors, passer la journée en forêt, grimper aux arbres, observer les changements de la nature.
Pédagogie traditionnelleTraditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs that society has traditionally used in schools. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, and a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students' needs; academics, mental health, and social-emotional learning. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student centered and task-based approaches to learning.
Pédagogiethumb|upright=1.3|Classe scolaire. La pédagogie (du grec , direction ou éducation des enfants) est l'art d'enseigner. Le terme rassemble les méthodes et pratiques d'enseignement requises pour transmettre un savoir (connaissances), un savoir-faire (compétences) et un savoir-être (attitudes). Plus généralement, l'expression « faire preuve de pédagogie » signifie l'aptitude à enseigner et à transmettre à un individu ou un groupe d'individus un savoir ou une expérience par l'usage des méthodes les plus adaptées à l'audience concernée.
