Estradiol (medication)Estradiol (E2) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is an estrogen and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in hormonal birth control for women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, among other uses.
Estrogen (medication)An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They can also be used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and for various other indications. Estrogens are used alone or in combination with progestogens. They are available in a wide variety of formulations and for use by many different routes of administration.
Acétate de médroxyprogestéroneL’acétate de médroxyprogestérone (en anglais Medroxyprogesterone acetate ou MPA), connu aussi sous le nom acétate de 17α-hydroxy-6α-méthylprogestérone, ou Depo-Provera est une forme synthétique de progestérone. Il est utilisé principalement comme contraceptif mais sert aussi pour le traitement de l'endométriose. Ses actions pharmacologiques sur le système endocrinien sont : L'inhibition des gonadotrophines hypophysaires : hormone folliculostimulante (FSH) et hormone lutéinisante (LH).
Cypionate d'estradiolLe cypionate d'estradiol est un ester synthétique d' et d'estradiol, un œstrogène naturel. Il est absorbé plus lentement que l'estradiol lui-même, ce qui permet de l'administrer moins souvent. Parmi les esters d'estradiol couramment utilisés, le cypionate d'estradiol est celui qui reste actif le plus longtemps dans l'organisme, avec une durée d'action d'environ , contre pour le et pour le . Il fait partie de la liste des médicaments essentiels de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (liste mise à jour en avril 2013).
Estradiol enantateEstradiol enantate (EEn or E2-EN), also spelled estradiol enanthate and sold under the brand names Perlutal and Topasel among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormonal birth control for women. It is formulated in combination with dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (DHPA; algestone acetophenide), a progestin, and is used specifically as a combined injectable contraceptive. Estradiol enantate is not available for medical use alone. The medication, in combination with DHPA, is given by injection into muscle once a month.
Estradiol undecylateEstradiol undecylate (EU or E2U), also known as estradiol undecanoate and formerly sold under the brand names Delestrec and Progynon Depot 100 among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It has also been used as a part of hormone therapy for transgender women. Although estradiol undecylate has been used in the past, it was discontinued and hence is no longer available. The medication has been given by injection into muscle usually once a month.
Progesterone (medication)Progesterone (P4) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in women to support pregnancy and fertility and to treat gynecological disorders. Progesterone can be taken by mouth, vaginally, and by injection into muscle or fat, among other routes. A progesterone vaginal ring and progesterone intrauterine device used for birth control also exist in some areas of the world.
Hydroxyprogestérone caproateLe caproate d'hydroxyprogestérone (OHPC), vendu sous les noms de marque Proluton et Makena entre autres, est un médicament progestatif utilisé pour prévenir l'accouchement prématuré chez les femmes enceintes ayant des antécédents de la maladie et pour traiter les troubles gynécologiques. Il a également été formulé en association avec des œstrogènes pour diverses indications (noms de marque Gravibinon et Primosiston) et sous forme de contraceptif injectable de longue durée (nom de marque Chinese Injectable No.
Estradiol benzoateEstradiol benzoate (EB), sold under the brand name Progynon-B among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. Estradiol benzoate is used in veterinary medicine as well. When used clinically, the medication is given by injection into muscle usually two to three times per week.
Progestogen esterA progestogen ester is an ester of a progestogen or progestin (a synthetic progestogen). The prototypical progestogen is progesterone, an endogenous sex hormone. Esterification is frequently employed to improve the pharmacokinetics of steroids, including oral bioavailability, lipophilicity, and elimination half-life. In addition, with intramuscular injection, steroid esters are often absorbed more slowly into the body, allowing for less frequent administration. Many (though not all) steroid esters function as prodrugs.
Feminizing hormone therapyFeminizing hormone therapy, also known as transfeminine hormone therapy, is hormone therapy and sex reassignment therapy to change the secondary sex characteristics of transgender people from masculine or androgynous to feminine. It is a common type of transgender hormone therapy (another being masculinizing hormone therapy) and is used to treat transgender women and non-binary transfeminine individuals. Some, in particular intersex people but also some non-transgender people, take this form of therapy according to their personal needs and preferences.
Estradiol valerateEstradiol valerate (EV), sold for use by mouth under the brand name Progynova and Primiwal E4 and for use by injection under the brand names Delestrogen and Progynon Depot among others, is an estrogen medication. It is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels, hormone therapy for transgender people, and in hormonal birth control. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer. The medication is taken by mouth or by injection into muscle or fat once every 1 to 4 weeks.
Megestrol acetateMegestrol acetate (MGA), sold under the brand name Megace among others, is a progestin medication which is used mainly as an appetite stimulant to treat wasting syndromes such as cachexia. It is also used to treat breast cancer and endometrial cancer, and has been used in birth control. MGA is generally formulated alone, although it has been combined with estrogens in birth control formulations. It is usually taken by mouth.
Polyestradiol phosphatePolyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is an estrogen medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is also used in women to treat breast cancer, as a component of hormone therapy to treat low estrogen levels and menopausal symptoms, and as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. It is given by injection into muscle once every four weeks. Common side effects of PEP include headache, breast tenderness, breast development, feminization, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and vaginal bleeding.
Hormonal contraceptionHormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in 1960. In the ensuing decades many other delivery methods have been developed, although the oral and injectable methods are by far the most popular.
Estradiol-containing birth control pillCombined birth control pills that contain natural estradiol or an estradiol ester (e.g., estradiol valerate) include: Estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate (brand name Femilar) – introduced in Finland (only) in 1993 Estradiol valerate and dienogest (brand names Qlaira, Natazia) – introduced in Europe in 2009 and the () in 2010 Estradiol and nomegestrol acetate (brand name Zoely) – introduced in Europe in 2011 Estradiol, mainly as esters including estradiol valerate, estradiol cypionate, and estradiol enanthate, is also the exclusive estrogen used in combined injectable contraceptives.
