Types of socialismTypes of socialism include a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production and organizational self-management of enterprises as well as the political theories and movements associated with socialism. Social ownership may refer to forms of public, collective or cooperative ownership, or to citizen ownership of equity in which surplus value goes to the working class and hence society as a whole.
World communismWorld communism, also known as global communism, is the hypothetical ultimate form of communism which of necessity has a universal or global scope. The long-term goal of world communism is an unlimited worldwide communist society that is classless (lacking any exploitation of man by man), moneyless (lacking a need for currency to regulate human behavior), and stateless (lacking any violent compulsion of man by man), which may be achieved through an intermediate-term goal of either a voluntary association of sovereign states (a global alliance) or a world government (a single worldwide state).
History of socialismThe history of socialism has its origins in the Age of Enlightenment and the 1789 French Revolution along with the changes that it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1847-48 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century parties dedicated to Democratic socialism arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism.
MutuellismeLe mutuellisme est une théorie économique socialiste libertaire issue de la pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Il prône des relations économiques devant être le plus égales possibles, les prix étant fondés sur la quantité de travail nécessaire à la production. En France, ce mouvement compte jusqu’à deux mille caisses de secours mutuel en 1848. Le mutuellisme libertaire n'est pas à confondre avec la coopération. , écrivait Proudhon.
Anti-communist mass killingsAnti-communist mass killings are the politically motivated mass killings of communists, alleged communists, or their alleged supporters which were committed by anti-communists and political organizations or governments which opposed communism. The communist movement has faced opposition since it was founded and the opposition to it has often been organized and violent. Many anti-communist mass killing campaigns waged during the Cold War were supported and backed by the United States and its Western Bloc allies.
Communismevignette|Karl Marx, théoricien du communisme. vignette|Vladimir Ilitch Lénine, fondateur de l'URSS. vignette|droite|Mao Zedong et Joseph Staline, deux des principaux dirigeants d'États communistes du . vignette|Che Guevara, révolutionnaire marxiste argentin, une figure de la révolution cubaine. vignette|Manifestation du Parti de la refondation communiste italien en 2007.
Popular frontA popular front is "any coalition of working-class and middle-class parties", including liberal and social democratic ones, "united for the defense of democratic forms" against "a presumed Fascist assault". More generally, it is "a coalition especially of leftist political parties against a common opponent". The term was first used in the mid-1930s in Europe by communists concerned over the ascent of fascism in Italy and Germany, which they sought to combat by coalescing with non-communist political groupings they had previously attacked as enemies.
Marxisme-léninismethumb|Portraits de Marx, Engels, Lénine et Staline lors d'un défilé en République démocratique allemande, en 1953. Le marxisme-léninisme revendique une filiation directe entre la pensée de Marx et l'apport de Lénine à la théorie révolutionnaire communiste. Apparu après la mort de Lénine, il fut jusqu'aux années 1970 l'idéologie officielle de la tendance prépondérante du mouvement communiste, des partis et des États alignés sur l'URSS ou sur la république populaire de Chine.
