Stimulus controlIn behavioral psychology (or applied behavior analysis), stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning (also called contingency management) that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. A stimulus that modifies behavior in this manner is either a discriminative stimulus (Sd) or stimulus delta (S-delta). Stimulus-based control of behavior occurs when the presence or absence of an Sd or S-delta controls the performance of a particular behavior.
Behavioral activationBehavioral activation (BA) is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. Behavioral activation primarily emphasizes engaging in positive and enjoyable activities to enhance one's mood. It is one form of functional analytic psychotherapy, which is based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis. This area is also a part of what is called clinical behavior analysis (CBA) and makes up one of the most effective practices in the professional practice of behavior analysis.
Clinical behavior analysisClinical behavior analysis (CBA; also called clinical behaviour analysis or third-generation behavior therapy) is the clinical application of behavior analysis (ABA). CBA represents a movement in behavior therapy away from methodological behaviorism and back toward radical behaviorism and the use of functional analytic models of verbal behavior—particularly, relational frame theory (RFT).
Système d'économie de jetonsUn système d'économie symbolique ou système d'économie de jetons est un système de gestion des contingences basé sur le renforcement systématique du comportement cible. Les renforts sont des symboles ou jetons qui peuvent être échangés contre d'autres renforts. Une économie symbolique est basée sur les principes du conditionnement opérant et de l'économie comportementale et peut se situer dans le cadre de l'analyse comportementale appliquée. Dans les milieux appliqués, les économies symboliques sont utilisées avec les enfants et les adultes.
Punishment (psychology)In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings which, occurring after a given behavior or response, reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. As with reinforcement, it is the behavior, not the human/animal, that is punished. Whether a change is or is not punishing is determined by its effect on the rate that the behavior occurs. This is called motivating operations (MO), because they alter the effectiveness of a stimulus.
Psychologie cliniqueLa visée de la psychologie clinique est de faire accéder le patient à la cessation de ses souffrances psychiques. Dans cette optique, le clinicien tente d'isoler et de comprendre les signes cliniques et symptômes qui touchent l'individu. Selon André Rey c’est le suisse Edouard Claparède qui a le premier utilisé le terme de « psychologie clinique », qui devait selon lui permettre de « transporter les ressources de la psychologie expérimentale au lit du malade ».
Developmental disabilityDevelopmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". Developmental disabilities can be detected early on and persist throughout an individual's lifespan. Developmental disability that affects all areas of a child's development is sometimes referred to as global developmental delay.
Méthodes d'intervention en autismeLes méthodes d'intervention en autisme sont des stratégies ou méthodes visant à aider les personnes autistes à compenser leur situation de handicap. Comme le précise l'OMS, il n'existe pas de traitement curatif de l'autisme. Issues de diverses théorisations, ces approches sont principalement éducatives et psychothérapeutiques. Elles peuvent suivre d'autres aspects. Il existe enfin une dimension médicameuteuse, voire alimentaire.
