Battery electric vehicleA battery electric vehicle (BEV), pure electric vehicle, only-electric vehicle, fully electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that exclusively uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (a hydrogen fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.). BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion. They derive all power from battery packs and thus have no internal combustion engine, fuel cell, or fuel tank.
Electric vehicle batteryAn electric vehicle battery (EVB, also known as a traction battery) is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Electric vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries, as they are typically lithium-ion batteries that are designed for high power-to-weight ratio and energy density. Smaller, lighter batteries are desirable because they reduce the weight of the vehicle and therefore improve its performance.
Voiture électriqueUne voiture électrique est une automobile mue par un ou plusieurs moteurs électriques, généralement alimentés par une batterie d'accumulateurs voire une pile à hydrogène. Parmi les modèles de chacune de ces filières, on peut citer la et la Renault Zoe équipées de batteries et la Toyota Mirai dotée d'une pile à combustible. La part de marché de la voiture électrique atteint 5,9 % au niveau mondial en 2021 et 12,1 % en Europe en 2022 ; les parts de marché les plus élevées en 2022 se rencontrent en Norvège (79 %), en Suède (33 %), aux Pays-Bas (23 %) et en Allemagne (18 %) ; en France : 13,3 % ; elles se situent en 2021 à 12,5 % en Chine, 11,6 % au Royaume-Uni, 3,7 % aux États-Unis.
Élimination progressive des véhicules à combustionL'élimination progressive des véhicules à combustion est un objectif politique adopté par un nombre croissant de pays et de collectivités locales depuis 2016. Dans la plupart des cas, il s'agit au niveau national d'interdictions des ventes de voitures neuves et, au niveau local, d'interdictions de circulation des véhicules à essence ou diesel. L'horizon de ces mesures s'échelonne en général entre 2025 et 2040.
Moto électriqueElectric motorcycles and scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two or three wheels. Power is supplied by a rechargeable battery that drives one or more electric motors. Electric scooters are distinguished from motorcycles by having a step-through frame, instead of being straddled. Electric bicycles are similar vehicles, distinguished by retaining the ability to be propelled by the rider pedaling in addition to battery propulsion. Electric scooters with the rider standing are known as e-scooters.
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehiclesGovernment incentives for plug-in electric vehicles have been established around the world to support policy-driven adoption of plug-in electric vehicles. These incentives mainly take the form of purchase rebates, tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional perks that range from access to bus lanes to waivers on fees (charging, parking, tolls, etc.). The amount of the financial incentives may depend on vehicle battery size or all-electric range. Often hybrid electric vehicles are included.
