High-stakes testingA high-stakes test is a test with important consequences for the test taker. Passing has important benefits, such as a high school diploma, a scholarship, or a license to practice a profession. Failing has important disadvantages, such as being forced to take remedial classes until the test can be passed, not being allowed to drive a car, or difficulty finding employment. The use and misuse of high-stakes tests are a controversial topic in public education, especially in the United States and U.K.
Test scoreA test score is a piece of information, usually a number, that conveys the performance of an examinee on a test. One formal definition is that it is "a summary of the evidence contained in an examinee's responses to the items of a test that are related to the construct or constructs being measured." Test scores are interpreted with a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced interpretation, or occasionally both. A norm-referenced interpretation means that the score conveys meaning about the examinee with regards to their standing among other examinees.
Entrance examination (education)In education, an entrance examination or admission examination is an examination that educational institutions conduct to select prospective students. It may be held at any stage of education, from primary to tertiary, even though it is typically held at tertiary stage. In France, the Concours Général, taken in the last year of High School (Lycée), is considered to be particularly difficult with only 250 places in all subjects for 15,000 applicants.This is although not an examination because it is purely honorary and doesn't grant anything.
Standardized testA standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test. Standardized tests do not need to be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, or multiple-choice tests.
Educational Testing Servicevignette|Ça permet de rendre pour nos rencontres.Aide également un lieu de référence pour l'apprentissage. L’Educational Testing Service (« service d’évaluation éducatif », abrégé ETS), fondé en 1947, est la plus grande organisation à but non lucratif privée de mesure et d’évaluation éducative au monde. Elle fonctionne avec un budget annuel d’environ 900 millions de dollars. Son siège social se situe à Lawrence Township, New Jersey, non loin de Princeton.
Norm-referenced testA norm-referenced test (NRT) is a type of test, assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Assigning scores on such tests may be described as relative grading, marking on a curve (BrE) or grading on a curve (AmE, CanE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves).
Educational assessmentEducational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning. Assessment data can be obtained from directly examining student work to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or can be based on data from which one can make inferences about learning. Assessment is often used interchangeably with test, but not limited to tests.
Questionnaire à choix multiplesvignette|Exemple de QCM. Un questionnaire à choix multiples ou multiple (QCM) est un outil d'enquête ou d'évaluation utilisé dans l'enseignement ainsi que dans les enquêtes quantitatives en recherche sociale et le marketing. Dans l'enseignement, c'est un procédé d'évaluation dans lequel sont proposées plusieurs réponses pour chaque question. Une ou plusieurs de ces propositions de réponse sont correctes. Les autres sont des réponses erronées, également appelées « distracteurs » (ou "leurres").
Electronic assessmentElectronic assessment, also known as digital assessment, e-assessment, online assessment or computer-based assessment, is the use of information technology in assessment such as educational assessment, health assessment, psychiatric assessment, and psychological assessment. This covers a wide range of activities ranging from the use of a word processor for assignments to on-screen testing. Specific types of e-assessment include multiple choice, online/electronic submission, computerized adaptive testing such as the Frankfurt Adaptive Concentration Test, and computerized classification testing.
Criterion-referenced testA criterion-referenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score. Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests. In this case, the objective is simply to see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment. Criterion-referenced testing was a major focus of psychometric research in the 1970s.
EnseignantUn enseignant est une personne chargée de transmettre des connaissances ou méthodes de raisonnement à autrui dans le cadre d'une formation générale ou d'une formation spécifique à une matière, un domaine ou une discipline scolaire. Le terme « enseignant » désigne la personne qui enseigne aux élèves (en primaire et secondaire). Dans certains contextes, les enseignants peuvent également être appelés « professeurs ». En France, le corps des professeurs des écoles a remplacé celui des instituteurs dans le primaire.
PsychométrieLa psychométrie est la science qui étudie l'ensemble des techniques de mesures pratiquées en psychologie, ainsi que les techniques de validation et d'élaboration de ces mesures. Ces techniques concernent tous les champs de la psychologie, ainsi que d'autres domaines de sciences connexes (comme la recherche en comportement du consommateur par exemple).
Baccalauréat en FranceEn France, le baccalauréat, souvent appelé bac, est un diplôme national sanctionnant la fin des études secondaires générales, technologiques ou professionnelles. Il correspond au niveau international CITE/ISCED 3 et au niveau 4 de la nomenclature des niveaux de formation en France. Le baccalauréat s'obtient en passant l'examen du même nom, constitué d'épreuves écrites et orales se déroulant en classes de première et de terminale. Pour réussir l'examen, les candidats doivent obtenir une note moyenne d'au moins 10/20.
Item response theoryIn psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is a theory of testing based on the relationship between individuals' performances on a test item and the test takers' levels of performance on an overall measure of the ability that item was designed to measure.
EvaluationIn common usage, evaluation is a systematic determination and assessment of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization, program, design, project or any other intervention or initiative to assess any aim, realisable concept/proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making; or to ascertain the degree of achievement or value in regard to the aim and objectives and results of any such action that has been completed.
Pédagogiethumb|upright=1.3|Classe scolaire. La pédagogie (du grec , direction ou éducation des enfants) est l'art d'enseigner. Le terme rassemble les méthodes et pratiques d'enseignement requises pour transmettre un savoir (connaissances), un savoir-faire (compétences) et un savoir-être (attitudes). Plus généralement, l'expression « faire preuve de pédagogie » signifie l'aptitude à enseigner et à transmettre à un individu ou un groupe d'individus un savoir ou une expérience par l'usage des méthodes les plus adaptées à l'audience concernée.
Quotient intellectuelvignette|upright=1|Un exemple d'un type d'élément de test de QI, sur le modèle des éléments des matrices progressives de Raven. Le quotient intellectuel, ou QI, est le résultat d'un test psychométrique qui entend fournir une indication quantitative standardisée de l'intelligence humaine. Le QI est mesuré par un psychologue pour des raisons qui peuvent être éducatives ou psychiatriques. Cependant, le QI, tout comme les notions associées de déficience mentale ou d'enfant à haut potentiel intellectuel, n'est pas un diagnostic.
Maturité (certificat)Dans le domaine de l'enseignement scolaire, la maturité est un certificat délivré à la fin des études secondaires (niveau CITE/ISCED 3, correspondant au diplôme de baccalauréat en France) dans certains pays francophones (Belgique, Suisse).
Professional certificationProfessional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest. A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession.
