Publications associées à Convection mantellique

New tools for phase segmentation and denoising of analytical STEM data for enhanced chemical sensitivity, applied to Earth mantle research

This thesis is dedicated to developing innovative methodologies that improve elemental quantification in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The primary motivation stems from a geochemistry pr ...

EPFL2023

Supercell Thunderstorms in the Alpine Region - From Weather Radar Observations to Idealized Modeling

Monika Feldmann

The high-impact nature and increasing occurrence of severe weather phenomena pushes forward research on their occurrence and improving our understanding thereof. Supercell thunderstorms are the focus of much severe convective research, as they represent on ...

EPFL2023

Seismic Performance of Strengthened Slab-Column Connections in a Full-Scale Test

Aurelio Muttoni, António Manuel Pinho Ramos

Strengthening of flat slab-column connections to resist imposed lateral drifts is often required for older reinforced concrete structures in which the flat slabs were typically designed to resist gravity load only or have been designed for less stringent r ...

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2022

Density currents driven by differential cooling in lakes: occurrence, dynamics and implications for littoral-pelagic exchange

Tomy Doda

Cross-shore flows exchange water laterally in lakes, with ecological implications for the ecosystem. One example is the convective circulation induced by differential cooling, also known as the thermal siphon. This lateral flow forms when the sloping sides ...

EPFL2022

Composition and Pressure Effects on Partitioning of Ferrous Iron in Iron-Rich Lower Mantle Heterogeneities

Philippe Gillet, Marco Cantoni, James Badro, Susannah McGregor Dorfman, Farhang Nabiei, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

Both seismic observations of dense low shear velocity regions and models of magma ocean crystallization and mantle dynamics support enrichment of iron in Earth’s lowermost mantle. Physical properties of iron-rich lower mantle heterogeneities in the modern ...

2021

Investigating Magma Ocean Solidification on Earth Through Laser‐Heated Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments

Philippe Gillet, Cécile Hébert, Marco Cantoni, James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

We carried out a series of silicate fractional crystallization experiments at lower mantle pressures using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Phase relations and the compositional evolution of the cotectic melt and equilibrium solids along the liquid lin ...

2021

The Effects of Planetary and Stellar Parameters on Brittle Lithospheric Thickness

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Michael Heap

The thicknesss of the brittle lithosphere—the outer portion of a planetary body that fails via fracturing— plays a key role in the geological processes of that body. The properties of both a planet and its host star can influence that thickness, and the po ...

2021

Moored observations of turbulent mixing events in deep Lake Garda, Italy

Sebastiano Piccolroaz, Marco Toffolon

Deep water circulation and mixing processes are responsible for the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants in deep lakes. Nevertheless, detailed continuous observations are rarely available. To overcome some of these deficiencies and with the aim of ...

2021

Parallel convection and E × B drifts in the TCV snowflake divertor and their effects on target heat-fluxes

Basil Duval, Holger Reimerdes, Joaquim Loizu Cisquella, Roberto Maurizio, Davide Galassi, Cedric Kar-Wai Tsui, Mirko Wensing

Parallel convection and E × B drifts act together to redistribute heat between the strike-points mechanisms is enhanced near the secondary X-point and is shown to dominate over heat in the low field side snowflake minus (LFS SF−). The cumulative heat conve ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2021

Blocked radiative heat transport in the hot pyrolitic lower mantle

James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Hélène Marie Piet

The heat flux across the core-mantle boundary (Q(CMB)) is the key parameter to understand the Earth's thermal history and evolution. Mineralogical constraints of the Q(CMB) require deciphering contributions of the lattice and radiative components to the th ...

ELSEVIER2020

Effects of composition and pressure on electronic states of iron in bridgmanite

Arnaud Magrez, Philippe Gillet, Susannah McGregor Dorfman

Electronic states of iron in the lower mantle's dominant mineral, (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O-3 bridgmanite, control physical properties of the mantle including density, elasticity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the determination of electroni ...

MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER2020

RF plasma simulations using the TOMATOR 1D code: a case study for TCV helium ECRH plasmas

Stefano Coda

The 1-dimensional reaction-diffusion-convection code TOMATOR-1D describes plasma production by RF waves inside a tokamak using the Braginskii continuity and heat balance equations. The model simulates self-consistent radial density and temperature profiles ...

2020

LMDZ6A: The Atmospheric Component of the IPSL Climate Model With Improved and Better Tuned Physics

Etienne Gabriel Henri Vignon

This study presents the version of the LMDZ global atmospheric model used as the atmospheric component of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace coupled model (IPSL-CM6A-LR) to contribute to the 6th phase of the international Coupled Model Intercomparison Proje ...

2020

Invariant states in inclined layer convection. Part 1. Temporal transitions along dynamical connections between invariant states

Tobias Schneider, Florian Reetz

Thermal convection in an inclined layer between two parallel walls kept at different fixed temperatures is studied for fixed Prandtl number . Depending on the angle of inclination and the imposed temperature difference, the flow exhibits a large variety of ...

Cambridge University Press2020

Convection in Lakes

Alfred Johny Wüest, Damien Bouffard

Lakes and other confined water bodies are not exposed to tides, and their wind forcing is usually much weaker compared to ocean basins and estuaries. Hence, convective processes are often the dominant drivers for shaping mixing and stratification structure ...

2019

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Molten Fe-Si-O in Earth's Core

James Badro

Silicon and oxygen are potential light elements in Earth's core because their stronger affinity to metal observed with increasing temperature posits that significant amounts of both can be incorporated into the core. It was proposed that an Fe-Si-O liquid ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Convection‐Diffusion Competition Within Mixed Layers of Stratified Natural Waters

Alfred Johny Wüest, Damien Bouffard, Oscar Rodrigo Sepúlveda Steiner

In stratified natural waters, convective processes tend to form nearly homogeneous mixed layers. However, shear‐driven turbulence generated by large‐scale background flow often rapidly smooths them through mixing with the stratified surroundings. Here we s ...

2019

Investigating Earth's Formation History Through Copper and Sulfur Metal-Silicate Partitioning During Core-Mantle Differentiation

James Badro

Identifying extant materials that act as compositional proxies for Earth is key to understanding its accretion. Copper and sulfur are both moderately volatile elements; however, they display different geochemical behavior (e.g., phase affinities). Thus, in ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2018

From 2D to 3D Characterization of Materials Subjected to Extreme Pressure and Temperature Conditions

Farhang Nabiei

Planetesimal were the first planetary objects to form in the solar system, which later grew to make the proto-planets. Most of these bodies were differentiated as a result of internal heating. Several differentiated bodies have, then, been accreted followi ...

EPFL2017

Weekly to monthly time scale of melt inclusion entrapment prior to eruption recorded by phosphorus distribution in olivine from mid-ocean ridges

Anders Meibom, Stéphane Laurent Escrig, Othmar Müntener, Lukas Baumgartner, Mélina Manzini

Melt inclusions (MIs) hosted in euhedral olivine have been proposed to represent droplets of primary melt, protected from processes occurring near Earth's surface during eruption. The complex zoning of phosphorus (P) in some olivines and the presence of a ...

Geological Soc Amer, Inc2017