Publications de Jed Oliver Kaplan

Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe

Early agriculture can be detected in palaeovegetation records, but quantification of the relative importance of climate and land use in influencing regional vegetation composition since the onset of agriculture is a topic that is rarely addressed. We prese ...

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2017

Late Holocene climate: Natural or anthropogenic?

Jed Oliver Kaplan

For more than a decade, scientists have argued about the warmth of the current interglaciation. Was the warmth of the preindustrial late Holocene natural in origin, the result of orbital changes that had not yet driven the system into a new glacial state? ...

Amer Geophysical Union2016

Uncertainties in isoprene photochemistry and emissions: implications for the oxidative capacity of past and present atmospheres and for climate forcing agents

Jed Oliver Kaplan

Isoprene and its oxidation products are major players in the oxidative chemistry of the troposphere. Current understanding of the factors controlling biogenic isoprene emissions and of the fate of isoprene oxidation products in the atmosphere has been evol ...

Copernicus GmbH2015

The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluation

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Pamela Collins, Basil Andrew Stansfield Davis, Achille Mauri

We present a new gridded climate reconstruction for Europe for the last 12,000 years based on pollen data. The reconstruction is an update of Davis et al. (2003) using the same methodology, but with a greatly expanded fossil and surface-sample dataset and ...

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2015

The influence of atmospheric circulation on the mid-Holocene climate of Europe: a data-model comparison

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Pamela Collins, Basil Andrew Stansfield Davis, Achille Mauri

The atmospheric circulation is a key area of uncertainty in climate model simulations of future climate change, especially in mid-latitude regions such as Europe where atmospheric dynamics have a significant role in climate variability. It has been propose ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2014

Global emissions of terpenoid VOCs from terrestrial vegetation in the last millennium

Jed Oliver Kaplan

We investigated the millennial variability (1000 A.D.-2000 A.D.) of global biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions by using two independent numerical models: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), for isoprene, monote ...

Amer Geophysical Union2014

Factors controlling variability in the oxidative capacity of the troposphere since the Last Glacial Maximum

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Mirjam Pfeiffer

The oxidative capacity of past atmospheres is highly uncertain. We present here a new climate-biosphere-chemistry modeling framework to determine oxidant levels in the present and past troposphere. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model driven by me ...

Copernicus GmbH2014

Placing unprecedented recent fir growth in a European-wide and Holocene-long context

Jed Oliver Kaplan

Forest decline played a pivotal role in motivating Europe's political focus on sustainability around 35 years ago. Silver fir (Abies alba) exhibited a particularly severe dieback in the mid-1970s, but disentangling biotic from abiotic drivers remained chal ...

Ecological Soc Amer2014

Observational constraints on the distribution, seasonality, and environmental predictors of North American boreal methane emissions

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Bowen Zhang

Wetlands comprise the single largest global source of atmospheric methane, but current flux estimates disagree in both magnitude and distribution at the continental scale. This study uses atmospheric methane observations over North America from 2007 to 200 ...

Amer Geophysical Union2014

Erratum to: The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Pamela Collins, Basil Andrew Stansfield Davis, Achille Mauri

Springer, Springer Berlin Heidelberg2013

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: methodology of a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

Jed Oliver Kaplan

The Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP) was created to evaluate our present ability to simulate large-scale wetland characteristics and corresponding methane (CH4) emissions. A multi-model comparison is essential to evaluat ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2013

Used planet: A global history

Jed Oliver Kaplan

Human use of land has transformed ecosystem pattern and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere, a global change often described as historically recent and potentially catastrophic for both humanity and the biosphere. Interdisciplinary paleoecolog ...

National Academy of Sciences2013

The effect of abrupt climatic warming on biogeochemical cycling and N2O emissions in a terrestrial ecosystem

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Mirjam Pfeiffer

The large, rapid increase in atmospheric N2O concentrations that occurred concurrent with the abrupt warming at the end of the Last Glacial period might have been the result of a reorganization in global biogeochemical cycles. To explore the sensitivity of ...

Elsevier Science Bv2013

Ensemble projections of wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations over the western United States in the mid-21st century

Jed Oliver Kaplan

We estimate future wildfire activity over the western United States during the mid-21st century (2046-2065), based on results from 15 climate models following the A1B scenario. We develop fire prediction models by regressing meteorological variables from t ...

Elsevier2013

WRF-Chem simulations in the Amazon region during wet and dry season transitions: evaluation of methane models and wetland inundation maps

Jed Oliver Kaplan

The Amazon region, being a large source of methane (CH4), contributes significantly to the global annual CH4 budget. For the first time, a forward and inverse modelling framework on regional scale for the purpose of assessing the CH4 budget of the Amazon r ...

Copernicus GmbH2013

The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Pamela Collins, Basil Andrew Stansfield Davis, Achille Mauri

Modern pollen samples provide an invaluable research tool for helping to interpret the quaternary fossil pollen record, allowing investigation of the relationship between pollen as the proxy and the environmental parameters such as vegetation, land-use, an ...

Springer Berlin Heidelberg2013

Exploring potential drivers of European biomass burning over the Holocene: a data-model analysis

Jed Oliver Kaplan

AimTo reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of European fire activity during the Holocene and to explore their potential drivers, by relating biomass burning to simulated biotic and abiotic parameters. LocationEurope. MethodsHolocene fire activity was ...

Wiley-Blackwell2013

Present state of global wetland extent and wetland methane modelling: conclusions from a model inter-comparison project (WETCHIMP)

Jed Oliver Kaplan

Global wetlands are believed to be climate sensitive, and are the largest natural emitters of methane (CH4). Increased wetland CH4 emissions could act as a positive feedback to future warming. The Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2013

A model for global biomass burning in preindustrial time: LPJ-LMfire (v1.0)

Jed Oliver Kaplan, Mirjam Pfeiffer

Fire is the primary disturbance factor in many terrestrial ecosystems. Wildfire alters vegetation structure and composition, affects carbon storage and biogeochemical cycling, and results in the release of climatically relevant trace gases including CO2, C ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2013

GAPPARD: a computationally efficient method of approximating gap-scale disturbance in vegetation models

Jed Oliver Kaplan

Models of vegetation dynamics that are designed for application at spatial scales larger than individual forest gaps suffer from several limitations. Typically, either a population average approximation is used that results in unrealistic tree allometry an ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2013