Publications de Wolfgang Schulz

Open-source FDTD solvers: The applicability of Elecode, gprMax and MEEP for simulations of lightning EM fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Hannes Kohlmann, Wolfgang Schulz

2023

Estimation of Charge Transfer During Long Continuing Currents in Natural Downward Flashes Using Single‐Station E‐Field Measurements

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Hannes Kohlmann, Wolfgang Schulz

The amount of charge transferred to ground during long continuing currents in natural downward flashes can be obtained either through direct current measurements or using remote electromagnetic fields, if direct measurements are not feasible. In this study ...

2022

On the Use of Benford’s Law to Assess the Quality of the Data Provided by Lightning Locating Systems

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Wolfgang Schulz

Lightning causes significant damage and casualties globally by directly striking humans and livestock, by igniting forest fires, and by inducing electrical surges in electronic infrastructure, airplanes, rockets, etc. Monitoring the evolution of thundersto ...

2022

Evaluation of Site Errors in LLS Magnetic Direction Finding Caused by Large Hills Using the 3D‐FDTD Technique

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Hannes Kohlmann, Wolfgang Schulz

Angle and amplitude estimation errors in magnetic direction finding, called site errors, are important sensor-specific errors in lightning location systems (LLS). They are known to be caused by nearby cables and overhead lines due to induced currents. Due ...

2021

A Study of a Large Bipolar Lightning Event Observed at the Säntis Tower

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mohammad Azadifar, Wolfgang Schulz

An unusual negative lightning flash was recorded at the Säntis Tower on June 15, 2012. The flash did not contain an initial continuous current typical of upward negative lightning, which is the most common type of event at the Säntis Tower. The flash conta ...

2019

Analysis of a bipolar upward lightning flash based on simultaneous records of currents and 380-km distant electric fields

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mohammad Azadifar, Dongshuai Li, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Wolfgang Schulz

In this paper, we present and discuss simultaneous records of current and wideband electric field waveforms at 380 km distance from the strike point associated with an upward bipolar flash initiated from the Säntis Tower. The flash contains 23 negative str ...

Elsevier2019

An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment

Wolfgang Schulz

The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk for humans and the environment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the efforts in ...

SPRINGEROPEN2018

Analysis of Location Accuracy of ToA-Based Lightning Location Systems in Mountainous Terrain

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Dongshuai Li, Wolfgang Schulz

2018

Analysis of lightning-ionosphere interaction using simultaneous records of source current and 380 km distant electric field

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mario Paolone, Mohammad Azadifar, Dongshuai Li, Wolfgang Schulz

We present simultaneous current and wideband electric field waveforms at 380 km associated with upward lightning flashes initiated from the Santis Tower, Switzerland. To the best of our knowledge, the dataset presented in this study includes the first simu ...

Elsevier2017

Location Accuracy Evaluation of ToA-Based Lightning Location Systems Over Mountainous Terrain

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Dongshuai Li, Wolfgang Schulz

In this paper, we analyze the location error of time of arrival (ToA)-based lightning location systems (LLSs) caused by propagation effects over mountainous terrain around the Santis tower located in the Swiss Alps. The study is based on a full-wave three- ...

Amer Geophysical Union2017

A Large Bipolar Event Recorded at the Säntis Tower

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mario Paolone, Mohammad Azadifar, Wolfgang Schulz

2017

Simultaneous Currents and Electric Fields at Two Distances Associated with an Upward Flash to the Säntis Tower

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Mohammad Azadifar, Wolfgang Schulz

2017

Simultaneous Records of Current and 380-km Distant Electric Field of a Bipolar Lightning Flash

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mario Paolone, Mohammad Azadifar, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Wolfgang Schulz

2017

Evaluation of the performance characteristics of the European Lightning Detection Network EUCLID in the Alps region for upward negative flashes using direct measurements at the instrumented Säntis Tower

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Davide Pavanello, Mario Paolone, Carlos Alberto Romero Romero, Mohammad Azadifar, Wolfgang Schulz

In this paper, we present a performance analysis of the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) lightning detection network using data obtained on lightning currents measured at the Santis Tower (located in northeastern of Switzerland) from J ...

Amer Geophysical Union2016

On the proportion of upward flashes to lightning research towers

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Aleksandr Smorgonskii, Wolfgang Schulz

We compare in this paper direct measurements obtained on the towers on San Salvatore Mountain (Switzerland) and on the Gaisberg Mountain (Austria). They are situated in similar topographical environments but in different lightning activity zones. Direct me ...

Elsevier2013

Lightning Parameters for Engineering Applications

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Michele Saba, Wolfgang Schulz

2013

A system for the measurements of lightning currents at the Säntis Tower

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Pierre Zweiacker, Abraham Rubinstein, Mario Paolone, Carlos Alberto Romero Romero, Wolfgang Schulz

The paper presents the characteristics of a system suitably developed to measure lightning current waveforms on the Santis Tower in Switzerland. The paper first describes the configuration of the system then presents the characteristics of the measurement ...

Elsevier2012

Preliminary Comparison of Data from the Säntis Tower and the EUCLID Lightning Location System

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Abraham Rubinstein, Carlo Alberto Nucci, Mario Paolone, Carlos Alberto Romero Romero, Wolfgang Schulz

In this paper, direct lightning current measurements obtained on the Sntis Tower from June 1st, 2010 to May 31st, 2011 are used to evaluate the ability of the EUCLID lightning detection network to detect this type of lightning triggered by a tall tower in ...

2011

On the proportion of upward flashes to lightning research towers

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Aleksandr Smorgonskii, Wolfgang Schulz

We compare in this paper direct measurements obtained at the Towers on Mount San Salvatore (Switzerland) and the Gaisberg Tower (Austria). They are situated in similar topographical environments but in different lightning activity zones. Direct measurement ...

IEEE2011

A New Method for the Estimation of the Number of Upward Flashes from Tall Structures

Farhad Rachidi-Haeri, Marcos Rubinstein, Aleksandr Smorgonskii, Wolfgang Schulz

2011