Publication
The characterization of biophilic environments, recognized for their potential to enhance well-being, requires researchers to have access to relevant metrics and methodologies when it comes to assessing this potential. Given the large diversity of well-being measures and experimental protocols used in existing studies, this review aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of well-being metrics and measures that have been proposed or investigated in the literature with a focus on views, shading, and interior design elements. These include subjective, physiological, and cognitive metrics, as well as a diversity of experimental protocols used in studies on biophilic interventions indoors. The review analyzes the distribution of selected experimental stimuli, context, environment, and setup, with special attention given to identifying and analyzing metrics associated with well-being outcomes that demonstrated statistical significance. Additionally, this paper highlights the underreported aspect of effect size, which is systematically compiled and presented here. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the metrics used in the biophilic environment research of indoor spaces so far and to offer a grounded framework for future studies aiming to evaluate the impact of biophilic interventions on occupant well-being.