AC motorAn AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical windings.
Induction motorAn induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type. Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives because they are self-starting, reliable, and economical.
Electric motorAn electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Reluctance motorA reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. The rotor does not have any windings. It generates torque through magnetic reluctance. Reluctance motor subtypes include synchronous, variable, switched and variable stepping. Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, making them attractive for many applications. Disadvantages include high torque ripple (the difference between maximum and minimum torque during one revolution) when operated at low speed, and noise due to torque ripple.
DC motorA DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. DC motors were the first form of motors widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems.
Motor driveMotor drive means a system that includes a motor. An adjustable speed motor drive means a system that includes a motor that has multiple operating speeds. A variable speed motor drive is a system that includes a motor and is continuously variable in speed. If the motor is generating electrical energy rather than using it – this could be called a generator drive but is often still referred to as a motor drive. A variable frequency drive (VFD) or variable speed drive (VSD) describes the electronic portion of the system that controls the speed of the motor.
Moteur pas à pasUn moteur pas à pas permet de transformer une impulsion électrique en un mouvement angulaire. On trouve trois types de moteurs pas à pas : le moteur à réluctance variable ; le moteur à aimants permanents ; le moteur hybride, qui est une combinaison des deux technologies précédentes. Le moteur pas à pas fut inventé en 1936 par Marius Lavet, un ingénieur français des Arts et Métiers, pour l'industrie horlogère.
Eddy current brakeAn eddy current brake, also known as an induction brake, Faraday brake, electric brake or electric retarder, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by generating eddy currents and thus dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. Unlike friction brakes, where the drag force that stops the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, the drag force in an eddy current brake is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction.
Centrale à inertiethumb|Gyrolaser de forme triangulaire, technologie de gyromètre couramment utilisée dans les centrales à inertie. Une centrale à inertie ou centrale inertielle est un instrument utilisé en navigation, capable d'intégrer les mouvements d'un mobile (accélération et vitesse angulaire) pour estimer son orientation (angles de roulis, de tangage et de cap), sa vitesse linéaire et sa position. L'estimation de position est relative au point de départ ou au dernier point de recalage.
Electromagnetic brakeElectromagnetic brakes or EM brakes are used to slow or stop vehicles using electromagnetic force to apply mechanical resistance (friction). They were originally called electro-mechanical brakes but over the years the name changed to "electromagnetic brakes", referring to their actuation method which is generally unrelated to modern electro-mechanical brakes. Since becoming popular in the mid-20th century, especially in trains and trams, the variety of applications and brake designs has increased dramatically, but the basic operation remains the same.
Navigation inertiellevignette|295x295px|Centrale à inertie du missile S3, Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Paris Le Bourget (France) La navigation inertielle (en anglais, inertial navigation system ou INS) est une technique utilisant des capteurs d’accélération et de rotation afin de déterminer le mouvement absolu d’un véhicule (avion, missile, sous-marin...). Elle a l’avantage d’être totalement autonome. La navigation inertielle a été utilisée sur les V1 et V2 allemands. Charles Stark Draper est connu comme le « père de la navigation inertielle ».
Courants de FoucaultOn appelle courants de Foucault (Eddy currents) les courants électriques créés dans une masse conductrice, soit par la variation au cours du temps d'un champ magnétique extérieur traversant ce milieu (le flux du champ à travers le milieu), soit par un déplacement de cette masse dans un champ magnétique. Ils sont une conséquence de l'induction électromagnétique. Les courants de Foucault sont responsables d'une partie des pertes (dites pertes par courants de Foucault) dans les circuits magnétiques des machines électriques alternatives et des transformateurs.
FreinUn 'frein' est un système permettant de ralentir, voire d'immobiliser, les pièces d'une machine ou d'un véhicule. Dans le cas de mouvements, la plupart des types de freins transforment l’énergie cinétique en énergie thermique par friction de pièces mobiles sur des pièces fixes, éléments qu'il faut refroidir. D'autres systèmes convertissent l’énergie cinétique en une autre forme d'énergie (par exemple électrique ou pneumatique), par freinage régénératif dans le cas d'un véhicule électrique.
