SérigraphieLa sérigraphie (du latin sericum la soie et du grec graphein l’écriture) est une technique d’imprimerie qui utilise des pochoirs (à l'origine, des écrans de soie) interposés entre l’encre et le support. Les supports utilisés peuvent être variés (papier, carton, textile, métal, verre, bois, etc.). La sérigraphie fut créée par les Chinois durant la dynastie Song (960-1279) et se répandit dans les pays voisins. La forte émigration chinoise vers les États-Unis au marqua l’entrée de la sérigraphie dans l’ère moderne et favorisa son éclosion outre-Atlantique.
NanolithographyNanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials. The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.
Self-replicationSelf-replication is any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical or similar copy of itself. Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Biological viruses can replicate, but only by commandeering the reproductive machinery of cells through a process of infection. Harmful prion proteins can replicate by converting normal proteins into rogue forms.
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