Centralitéthumb|right|300px|Exemples de A) Centralité d'intermédiarité, B) Centralité de proximité, C) Centralité de vecteur propre, D) Centralité de degré, E) Centralité harmonique et F) Centralité de Katz sur le même graphe. En théorie des graphes et en théorie des réseaux, les indicateurs de centralité sont des mesures censées capturer la notion d'importance dans un graphe, en identifiant les sommets les plus significatifs.
Universal vertexIn graph theory, a universal vertex is a vertex of an undirected graph that is adjacent to all other vertices of the graph. It may also be called a dominating vertex, as it forms a one-element dominating set in the graph. (It is not to be confused with a universally quantified vertex in the logic of graphs.) A graph that contains a universal vertex may be called a cone. In this context, the universal vertex may also be called the apex of the cone.
Onion routingOnion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network. In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to the layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called "onion routers," each of which "peels" away a single layer, revealing the data's next destination. When the final layer is decrypted, the message arrives at its destination. The sender remains anonymous because each intermediary knows only the location of the immediately preceding and following nodes.
De-identificationDe-identification is the process used to prevent someone's personal identity from being revealed. For example, data produced during human subject research might be de-identified to preserve the privacy of research participants. Biological data may be de-identified in order to comply with HIPAA regulations that define and stipulate patient privacy laws. When applied to metadata or general data about identification, the process is also known as data anonymization.
