G1 phaseDISPLAYTITLE:G1 phase The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. G1 phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of interphase. Around 30 to 40 percent of cell cycle time is spent in the G1 phase.
FluorescenceLa fluorescence est une émission lumineuse provoquée par l'excitation des électrons d'une molécule (ou atome), généralement par absorption d'un photon immédiatement suivie d'une émission spontanée. Fluorescence et phosphorescence sont deux formes différentes de luminescence qui diffèrent notamment par la durée de l'émission après excitation : la fluorescence cesse très rapidement tandis que la phosphorescence perdure plus longtemps. La fluorescence peut entre autres servir à caractériser un matériau.
G0 phaseDISPLAYTITLE:G0 phase The G0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle. Classically, cells were thought to enter G0 primarily due to environmental factors, like nutrient deprivation, that limited the resources necessary for proliferation. Thus it was thought of as a resting phase. G0 is now known to take different forms and occur for multiple reasons. For example, most adult neuronal cells, among the most metabolically active cells in the body, are fully differentiated and reside in a terminal G0 phase.
Subgranular zoneThe subgranular zone (SGZ) is a brain region in the hippocampus where adult neurogenesis occurs. The other major site of adult neurogenesis is the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the brain. The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
S phaseS phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. G1/S transition Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling.
Spectroscopie de fluorescenceLa spectroscopie de fluorescence, ou encore fluorimétrie ou spectrofluorimétrie, est un type de spectroscopie électromagnétique qui analyse la fluorescence d'un échantillon. Elle implique l'utilisation d'un rayon de lumière (habituellement dans l'ultraviolet) qui va exciter les électrons des molécules de certains composés et les fait émettre de la lumière de plus basse énergie, typiquement de la lumière visible, mais pas nécessairement. La spectroscopie de fluorescence peut être une spectroscopie atomique ou une spectroscopie moléculaire.
