Publications related to Clostridioides difficile infection

Early-life vitamin A treatment rescues neonatal infection-induced durably impaired tolerogenic properties of celiac lymph nodes

Gut -draining mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes (mLNs and celLNs) critically contribute to peripheral tolerance toward food and microbial antigens by supporting the de novo induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These tolerogenic properties of mLNs and c ...

Cell Press2024

Environmental determinants of access to shared sanitation in informal settlements: a cross-sectional study in Abidjan and Nairobi

Jérôme Chenal, Vitor Pessoa Colombo, Jürg Utzinger

Background Universal access to basic sanitation remains a global challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Efforts are underway to improve access to sanitation in informal settlements, often through shared facilities. However, access to ...

2023

Biofilm morphogenesis on soft hydrogels

Alice Cont

Bacteria often colonize their environment in the form of surface attached multicellular communities called biofilms. Biofilms grow from surface-attached cells that undergo division while self-embedding in a viscoelastic matrix. Biofilms grow at the surface ...

EPFL2023

In vitro synergistic action of TAT-RasGAP 317-326 peptide with antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens

Grazia Vizzarro

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a continuously increasing threat for medicine, caus-ing infections recalcitrant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were identified as alternatives to antibiotics, being naturally occurring short ...

2022

Waterborne virus transport and the associated risks in a large lake

Tamar Kohn, Xavier Fernandez Cassi, Chaojie Li, Timothy R. Julian

Waterborne enteric viruses in lakes, especially at recreational water sites, may have a negative impact on human health. However, their fate and transport in lakes are poorly understood. In this study, we propose a coupled water quality and quantitative mi ...

2022

Preexisting Heterogeneity of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Drives Differential Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages

John McKinney, Ophélie Rutschmann, Chiara Toniolo

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is initiated by the inhalation and implantation of bacteria in the lung alveoli, where they are phagocytosed by macrophages. Even a single bacterium may be sufficient to initiate infection. Thereafter, the clinical outc ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2022

Type 1 piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli hijack the host immune response by binding to CD14

Kathrin Tomasek

A key attribute of persistent or recurring bacterial infections is the ability of the pathogen to evade the host's immune response. Many Enterobacteriaceae express type 1 pili, a pre-adapted virulence trait, to invade host epithelial cells and establish pe ...

eLIFE SCIENCES PUBL LTD2022

Neonatal Manifestations of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: MAS/HLH and Necrotizing Pneumonia as Unusual Phenotypes and Review of the Literature

Alessandro Borghesi

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI), characterized by a deficient phagocyte killing due to the inability of NADPH oxidase to produce reactive oxygen species in the phagosome. Patients with CGD suffer from severe and ...

SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS2022

Computing the daily reproduction number of COVID-19 by inverting the renewal equation using a variational technique

Jean-David Horacio Morel

The COVID-19 pandemic has undergone frequent and rapid changes in its local and global infection rates, driven by governmental measures or the emergence of new viral variants. The reproduction number Rt indicates the average number of cases generated by an ...

National Academy of Sciences2021

A high-throughput cell- and virus-free assay shows reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Didier Trono, Priscilla Turelli, Florence Pojer, Charlène Mireille Raymonde Raclot, Valeria Cagno, Jérémy Campos, Céline Pellaton

The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies in the serum of an individual indicates previous infection or vaccination. However, it provides limited insight into the protective nature of this immune resp ...

AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE2021

Novel broad-spectrum virucidal antivirals

Matteo Gasbarri

The current COVID-19 pandemic has showed the threats that viruses can cause to the whole world. Over 200 million infections and over 4.5 million deaths and enormous socio-economic impact were the output of the emergence of a single new pathogen: SARS-CoV-2 ...

EPFL2021

Infection with a small intestinal helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, consistently alters microbial communities throughout the murine small and large intestine

Nicola Harris, Benjamin John Marsland, Mario Michael Zaiss, Alexis Rapin, Luc Xavier Marie Lebon, Audrey Geneviève Chuat

Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal helminth infection can alter intestinal microbial communities with important impacts on the mammalian host. However, all of the studies to date utilize different techniques to study the microbiome and access dif ...

2020

Automatic detection of hand hygiene using computer vision technology

Alexandre Massoud Alahi

Hand hygiene is essential for preventing hospital-acquired infections but is difficult to accurately track. The gold-standard (human auditors) is insufficient for assessing true overall compliance. Computer vision technology has the ability to perform more ...

2020

Designs and Characterization of Subunit Ebola GP Vaccine Candidates: Implications for Immunogenicity

Florian Maria Wurm, Bruno Emanuel Ferreira De Sousa Correia, Sarah Wehrle, Divor Kiseljak

The humoral responses of Ebola virus (EBOV) survivors mainly target the surface glycoprotein GP, and anti-GP neutralizing antibodies have been associated with protection against EBOV infection. In order to elicit protective neutralizing antibodies through ...

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2020

Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration

Kristina Schoonjans, Alessia Perino, Maroun Bou Sleiman, Giovanni Sorrentino, Ece Yildiz, Gaby El Alam

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nu ...

2020

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study

Didier Trono, Idris Guessous, Benjamin André René Meyer, David Nicolas De Ridder, Dusan Petrovic

Assessing the burden of COVID-19 on the basis of medically attended case numbers is suboptimal given its reliance on testing strategy, changing case definitions, and disease presentation. Population-based serosurveys measuring anti-severe acute respiratory ...

2020

Biogeography and biochemistry of bile acid 7-dehydroxylation in the mammalian gut

Solenne Anne Marie Marion

Bile acids (BAs) are small molecules synthesized by the host and chemically modified by the microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract. The microbial transformation of BAs in the gut is critical to BA-mediated signaling as it modifies their amount and ...

EPFL2020

cis-regulatory variation modulates susceptibility to enteric infection in the Drosophila genetic reference panel

Bart Deplancke, Vincent Roland Julien Gardeux, Maroun Bou Sleiman, Virginie Sandra Braman, Riccardo Dainese, Maria Litovchenko, Michael Vincent Frochaux, Dani Osman, Brian Dennis Hollis, Tommaso Andreani

Background: Resistance to enteric pathogens is a complex trait at the crossroads of multiple biological processes. We have previously shown in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) that resistance to infection is highly heritable, but our understan ...

2020

Emergence of Mycobacterium leprae Rifampin Resistance Evaluated by Whole-Genome Sequencing after 48 Years of Irregular Treatment

Stewart Cole, Andrej Benjak, Charlotte Avanzi, Philippe Busso

A case of Mycobacterium leprae rifampin resistance after irregular antile- prosy treatments since 1971 is reported. Whole-genome sequencing from four longi- tudinal samples indicated relapse due to acquired rifampin resistance and not to re- infection with ...

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY2020

Structural mechanism of cGAS inhibition by the nucleosome

Rudolf Hovius, Beat Fierz, Andrea Ablasser, Baptiste Claude André Guey, Alexiane Clara Decout, Pauline Ambre Melenec, Simone Cavadini, Kristina Makasheva, Sélène-Véronique Glück

The DNA sensor cGAS initiates innate immune responses following microbial infection, cellular stress, and cancer1. Upon activation by double-stranded DNA, cytosolic cGAS produces 2’3’ cyclic GMP-AMP and triggers inflammatory cytokine and type I interferon ...

2020