Metal free sensitizer and catalyst for dye sensitized solar cells

The carbon neutral process for energy conversion is of utmost importance, in this context photovoltaics, especially dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a viable alternative. Few terawatts of carbon free renewable energy can be produced by DSSCs. However the judicious use of platinum group free metals may further enhance the limit of energy production by making it further cost effective. In this context a metal free sensitizer and electrocatalyst related to DSSCs are reviewed for their merits. The current state-of-the-art sensitizer as well as carbon based materials for its chemistry and photovoltaic characterization are discussed. The present article combines recent progress and its emerging behavior from our laboratories and from other groups working on this perennial topic.