Publications associées à Pression de sélection

At what spatial scale does natural selection operate? Using multiscale frameworks to calibrate the effects of environmental factors across landscape continuums

Patterns in nature arise from processes interacting across a continuum of spatial scales, where new relationships emerge at each level of investigation. These patterns are nested features encompassing fine-scale local patterns, such as topography and geolo ...

EPFL2024

Optimal enzyme utilization suggests that concentrations and thermodynamics determine binding mechanisms and enzyme saturations

Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Daniel Robert Weilandt, Asli Sahin

One of the main challenges hampering the development of kinetic models is the lack of kinetic parameters for many enzymatic reactions. Here, the authors introduce a framework to explore the catalytically optimal operating conditions of any complex enzyme m ...

Nature Portfolio2023

A Phylogeny-aware GWAS Framework to Correct for Heritable Pathogen Effects on Infectious Disease Traits

Jacques Fellay, Christian Axel Wandall Thorball

Infectious diseases are particularly challenging for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because genetic effects from two organisms (pathogen and host) can influence a trait. Traditional GWAS assume individual samples are independent observations. Howev ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2022

Genomic and metabolic adaptations of biofilms to ecological windows of opportunity in glacier-fed streams

Tom Ian Battin, Hannes Markus Peter, Susheel Bhanu Busi, Grégoire Marie Octave Edouard Michoud, Leïla Ezzat, Massimo Bourquin, Matteo Tolosano, Tyler Joe Kohler, Stylianos Fodelianakis, Paraskevi Pramateftaki, Vincent Henri De Staercke, Michail Styllas, Martina Andrea Schön

In glacier-fed streams, ecological windows of opportunity allow complex microbial biofilms to develop and transiently form the basis of the food web, thereby controlling key ecosystem processes. Using metagenome-assembled genomes, we unravel strategies tha ...

Springer2022

Hand pose selection in a bimanual fine-manipulation task

Aude Billard, Kunpeng Yao

Many daily tasks involve the collaboration of both hands. Humans dexterously adjust hand poses and modulate the forces exerted by fingers in response to task demands. Hand pose selection has been intensively studied in unimanual tasks, but little work has ...

2021

The population genetics of crypsis in vertebrates: recent insights from mice, hares, and lizards

Jeffrey David Jensen, Kristen Kay Irwin, Susanne Petra Pfeifer, Stefan Jean Laurent

By combining well-established population genetic theory with high-throughput sequencing data from natural populations, major strides have recently been made in understanding how, why, and when vertebrate populations evolve crypsis. Here, we focus on backgr ...

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2020

Adapt or Perish: Evolutionary Rescue in a Gradually Deteriorating Environment

Anne-Florence Raphaëlle Bitbol, Loïc Marrec

We investigate the evolutionary rescue of a microbial population in a gradually deteriorating environment, through a combination of analytical calculations and stochastic simulations. We consider a population destined for extinction in the absence of mutan ...

2020

Social network plasticity decreases disease transmission in a eusocial insect

Alessandro Crespi, Laurent Keller

Animal social networks are shaped by multiple selection pressures, including the need to ensure efficient communication and functioning while simultaneously limiting disease transmission. Social animals could potentially further reduce epidemic risk by alt ...

American Association for the Advancement of Science2018

Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila

Bruno Lemaitre, Toshiyuki Harumoto

Several lineages of symbiotic bacteria in insects selfishly manipulate host reproduction to spread in a population 1 , often by distorting host sex ratios. Spiroplasma poulsonii2,3 is a helical and motile, Gram-positive symbiotic bacterium that resides in ...

2018

The melanization reaction in Drosophila: More than black or white

Jan Paul Dudzic

The melanization reaction is a rapid and important immune mechanism in arthropods. It results in the production of melanin at the site of injury and around invading microbes. The enzymes responsible for melanogenesis are phenoloxidases (PO), which catalyze ...

EPFL2018

KRAB zinc finger proteins

Didier Trono, Gabriela Ecco, Michaël Imbeault

Kruppel-associated box domain zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are the largest family of transcriptional regulators in higher vertebrates. Characterized by an N-terminal KRAB domain and a C-terminal array of DNA-binding zinc fingers, they participate, toge ...

2017

Inferring the age of a fixed beneficial allele

Jeffrey David Jensen, Matthieu Foll, Susanne Petra Pfeifer, Nicky Louise Ormond, Gregory Bruce Ewing

Estimating the age and strength of beneficial alleles is central to understanding how adaptation proceeds in response to changing environmental conditions. Several haplotype-based estimators exist for inferring the age of segregating beneficial mutations. ...

Wiley-Blackwell2016

Detection of Convergent Genome-Wide Signals of Adaptation to Tropical Forests in Humans

Matthieu Foll

Tropical forests are believed to be very harsh environments for human life. It is unclear whether human beings would have ever subsisted in those environments without external resources. It is therefore possible that humans have developed recent biological ...

Public Library of Science2015

Multi-scale landscape genomic models : the role of very high resolution digital elevation models in evolutionary biology

Kevin Leempoel

Environmental heterogeneity is one of the main actors of biodiversity and species adaptation as it exerts a selective pressure on observable characteristics of living organisms. Consequently, local adaptation favours certain genetic variants and, by doing ...

EPFL2015

Circadian rhythms in insect disease vectors

Antonio Carlos Alves Meireles Filho

Organisms from bacteria to humans have evolved under predictable daily environmental cycles owing to the Earth's rotation. This strong selection pressure has generated endogenous circadian clocks that regulate many aspects of behaviour, physiology and meta ...

Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz2013

Evolution of division of labor in artificial societies

Pawel Lichocki

Natural and artificial societies often divide the workload between specialized members. For example, an ant worker may preferentially perform one of many tasks such as brood rearing, foraging and nest maintenance. A robot from a rescue team may specialize ...

EPFL2013