Publications de Sandro Carrara

Computational Study of Simultaneous Memristive Effect and Biosensing for Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection

Over the past decade, memristive biosensors have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in biological detection. However, a notable limitation has been the loss of the memristive effect during biosensing operations. In this study, we introduce a memristive b ...

SPRINGER2025

Imatinib detection by memristive biosensors for therapeutic drug monitoring

Sandro Carrara, Junrui Chen

Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential for optimizing the efficacy and safety of targeted anticancer agents like imatinib, a first-line treatment for various leukemias and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This study introduces a novel memristive biosenso ...

2025

Long-term performance of low-cost free chlorine sensors to monitor on-site water reuse

Sandro Carrara

Water scarcity increasingly challenges the supply of sufficient quantities of safe water for human consumption. On-site water reuse systems can contribute to mitigating the effects of water scarcity by closing water cycles locally. However, broader adoptio ...

IWA Publishing2025

More Sustainable Bio/CMOS Interfaces for Remote Monitoring of Human Health [Feature]

Sandro Carrara

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)2025

Biofilaments from recycled high-density polyethylene and rice husks for fused filament fabrication: Biofilamente aus recyceltem Polyethylen hoher Dichte und Reishülsen für die Herstellung von Schmelzfilamenten

Sandro Carrara

The benefits of green technology have industrial use of composites reinforced with biofibers garner attention. They are replacing conventional plastics due to their capability to solve environmental issues. Despite this shift in material development, the s ...

2025

Effect of Cr substitution in ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles on the electron transfer at electrochemical interfaces

Sandro Carrara

In this study, we explored the effect of Cr³⁺ substitution by partially and fully replacing Fe³⁺ in the normal spinel ZnFe₂O₄ crystal structure at electrochemical interfaces. The resulting ZnCrₓFe₂₋ₓO₄ nanomaterials exhibited an average particle size betwe ...

2025

Optimized Microfluidic Biosensor for Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Detection

Sandro Carrara

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) were integrated into microfluidic chips and tested to enhance point-of-care testing (POCT), with the aim of improving sensitivity and expanding the range of CRP detection. The microfluidic approach improves upon traditiona ...

MDPI AG2025

Printed Organic Memristive Devices with Non-Zero-Crossing Hysteresis

Sandro Carrara

Organic memristive devices are gaining an increasing and considerable interest due to their attractive characteristics and potential applications, spanning from neuromorphic electronics to biosensing. In this work, a low-voltage operating memristive device ...

2025

A life cycle assessment approach to minimize environmental impact for sustainable printed sensors

Sandro Carrara, Johanna Zikulnig

A printed hybrid sensor tag for applications in disposable healthcare and environmental monitoring optimized toward sustainability is presented. Following a systematic Life Cycle Assessment according to ISO 14040:2006 guidelines, the global warming potenti ...

NATURE PORTFOLIO2025

A More Reliable Equivalent Circuit of Electrochemical Sensors for Robust Design of CMOS Front-ends

Sandro Carrara, Gian Luca Barbruni, Ali Meimandi

Electrochemical sensors integrated with CMOS circuits play a pivotal role in quantifying various chemicals across a huge spectrum of applications, prominently in distributed diagnostics and remote monitoring. When designing integrated devices, meticulous c ...

2025

Multi-Partner Project: Smart Sensor Analog Front-Ends Powered by Emerging Reconfigurable Devices (SENSOTERIC)

Sandro Carrara

This work introduces SENSOTERIC, a multi-partner project that aims at leveraging the properties of emerging Reconfigurable Field Effect Transistors (RFETs) to develop a sensor platform. RFETs will be used for a generic sensor interface and for a dedicated ...

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2025

Role of the oxide in memristive quasi-1D silicon nanowires

Sandro Carrara, Junrui Chen, Kapil Bhardwaj

Memristors are garnering significant attention due to their high similarity to biological neurons and synapses, alongside their unique physical mechanisms. Biosensors exhibiting memristive behaviour have demonstrated substantial efficacy in detecting thera ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2025

Flexible Memristive Biosensors for Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Biological Environments

Sandro Carrara

In this work, we developed flexible polymer-based memristive-like devices specifically designed for biosensing applications. The fabricated devices consist of two gold electrodes connected by a biocompatible polymeric resistive layer made of poly(3,4-ethyl ...

2025

Imperceptible and Disposable Humidity and Temperature Sensors with Low Environmental Footprint Enabled by Aerosol Jet Printing and Cellulose‐Based Substrates

Sandro Carrara

The continuous growth of the electronics industry requires a reevaluation of traditional materials and manufacturing techniques to address the rising issue of electronic waste (e‐waste). Environmental monitoring devices, which provide valuable insights int ...

Wiley2025

Comparative study of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 micro and nanoparticle-based screen-printed electrodes in pH sensing

Sandro Carrara

This work presents the application of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 for electrochemical pH sensing. ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are synthesized by auto combustion synthesis method. FESEM images revealed that ZnO particles have pyramid and spherical shaped morphology with micrometer ...

2025

Design and in vitro Characterization of a Wearable Multisensing System for Hydration Monitoring

Sandro Carrara, Sarah Tonello, Ata Jedari Golparvar, Ali Meimandi

Dehydration is a frequent condition in the elderly and can lead to serious health complications if not compensated timely. Early diagnosis can be problematic, as medical examinations in the hospital would be needed. Fully wearable low-cost multisensing dev ...

Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc2024

Raman Biosensing of Sweat Metabolites: Univariate vs. Multivariate Algorithms

Sandro Carrara, Ata Jedari Golparvar

Over the past eight years, there has been a remarkable surge in the field of sweat analysis, as a non-invasive, continuous, and multi-metabolite monitoring solution tailored for wearable devices. However, its full potential has yet to be fully realized due ...

IEEE2024

New Sensory Method for Neural Activity by Frequency Upconversion With Nonlinear Element

Sandro Carrara, Gian Luca Barbruni, Ali Meimandi

Traditional analog front-ends for biomedical signal acquisitions operate at very low frequencies (Hz-range) and are severely affected by flicker and environmental noise, which degrade the quality of low-frequency signals, thereby reducing the signal-to-noi ...

2024

Optimized Quantification of Multiple Drug Concentrations by WeightedMSE With Machine Learning on Electrochemical Sensor

Sandro Carrara

Quantification of multiple drugs is of great importance and urgently needed in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and personalized therapy. Especially, based on cyclic voltammograms (CVs) obtained by electrochemical sensors, the use of artificial neural net ...

2024

A modular multiple frequency inductive link to wirelessly power multiple miniaturized implants

Sandro Carrara, Diego Ghezzi, Gian Luca Barbruni

A modular multiple frequency coils inductive link system to wirelessly provide power for at least a medical implant at an output of a receiving coil, whereby the receiving coil is configured to be implanted in an organism. The modular multiple frequency co ...

2024