Publications de Scott Anthony Lindner

Piccolo gated: a CMOS 32×32 SPAD camera with all-solid-state nanosecond time gating and PCIe readout for single-photon time-domain DCS and near-infrared optical tomography

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Tommaso Milanese, Paul Mos, Michael Alan Wayne

The Piccolo gated sensor features a 32x32 SPAD array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operating in time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). The chip enables event-driven readout and a maximum count rate of 220 Mcps. The sensor is based on t ...

SPIE2024

Challenges and prospects for multi-chip microlens imprints on front-side illuminated SPAD imagers

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Vladimir Pesic, Tommaso Milanese

The overall sensitivity of frontside-illuminated, silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays has often suffered from fill factor limitations. The fill factor loss can however be recovered by employing microlenses, whereby the challenges specific t ...

Optica Publishing Group2023

High-efficiency fill factor recovery using refractive microlens arrays imprinted on 0.5–256 kpixel front-side illuminated SPAD imagers

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Frédéric Zanella, Scott Anthony Lindner, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Vladimir Pesic, Tommaso Milanese

Silicon-based single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) implemented in front-side illuminated arrays and imagers have often suffered from fill factor limitations. The corresponding reduced sensitivity can be sometimes traded off with longer acquisition times ...

SPIE2023

2.5 Hz sample rate time-domain near-infrared optical tomography based on SPAD-camera image tissue hemodynamics

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Martin Wolf

Tim-domain near-infrared optical tomography (TD NIROT) techniques based on diffuse light were gaining performance over the last years. They are capable of imaging tissue at several centimeters depth and reveal clinically relevant information, such as tissu ...

OPTICAL SOC AMER2022

Architecture and Characterization of a CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio

IEEE2021

CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight Vision Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio

International Image Sensors Society2021

Probe Design Optimization for Time-Domain NIROT "Pioneer" System for Imaging the Oxygenation of the Preterm Brain

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner

In preterm infants, there is a risk of life-lasting impairments due to hemorrhagic/ischemic lesions. Our time-domain (TD) near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) system "Pioneer" aims at detecting both disorders with high spatial resolution. Successfully ...

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2021

In Phantom Validation of Time-Domain Near-Infrared Optical Tomography Pioneer for Imaging Brain Hypoxia and Hemorrhage

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner

The neonatal brain is a vulnerable organ, and lesions due to hemorrhage and/or ischemia occur frequently in preterm neonates. Even though neuroprotective therapies exist, there is no tool available to detect the ischemic lesions. To address this problem, w ...

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2021

Time-Resolved NIROT 'Pioneer' System for Imaging Oxygenation of the Preterm Brain: Preliminary Results

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Chunmin Zhang, Matthias Wolf

In preterm infants, there is a risk of long-term cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments due to hemorrhagic and/or ischemic lesions. If detected early, lesions can be prevented. A bedside imaging modality, capable of early detection of both disorders, ...

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2020

Multimodal imaging combining time-domain near-infrared optical tomography and continuous-wave fluorescence molecular tomography

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf, Markus Rudin

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) emerges as a powerful non-invasive imaging tool with the ability to resolve fluorescence signals from sources located deep in living tissues. Yet, the accuracy of FMT reconstruction depends on the deviation of the as ...

2020

Dynamic time domain near-infrared optical tomography based on a SPAD camera

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Martin Wolf

In many clinical applications it is relevant to observe dynamic changes in oxygenation. Therefore the ability of dynamic imaging with time domain (TD) near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) will be important. But fast imaging is a challenge. The data acq ...

2020

Image reconstruction for novel time domain near infrared optical tomography: towards clinical applications

Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf

Near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) is an emerging modality that enables imaging the oxygenation of tissue, which is a biomarker of tremendous clinical relevance. Measuring in reflectance is usually required when NIROT is applied in clinical scenarios ...

2020

CMOS 3D-Stacked FSI Multi-Channel Digital SiPM for Time-of-Flight PET Applications

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Francesco Gramuglia, Myung Jae Lee, Andrei Ardelean, Andrada Alexandra Muntean, Esteban Venialgo Araujo

2020

A Close-in LiDAR for Diffusive Media based on a 32 × 32 CMOS SPAD Image Sensor

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Scott Anthony Lindner, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf

2019

Optical-stack optimization for improved SPAD photon detection efficiency

Claudio Bruschini, Rolando Ferrini, Edoardo Charbon, Frédéric Zanella, Marc Schnieper, Scott Anthony Lindner, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Arin Can Ülkü, Ekin Kizilkan

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are direct photon-to-digital detectors that enable scalable arrays with Poisson-limited signal-to-noise ratio and picosecond timing resolution. However, SPAD detectors require a guard-ring structure to prevent lateral ...

2019

A 30-frames/s, 252 x 144 SPAD Flash LiDAR With 1728 Dual-Clock 48.8-ps TDCs, and Pixel-Wise Integrated Histogramming

Edoardo Charbon, Juan Mata Pavia, Scott Anthony Lindner, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf

A 252 x 144 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) pixel sensor, called Ocelot, is reported for light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The sensor, fabricated in the 180-nm CMOS technology, features 1728 12-bit time-to-digital converters (TDCs) with 48.8-ps res ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2019

Time Domain Near-Infrared Optical Tomography with Time-of-Flight SPAD Camera: The New Generation

Edoardo Charbon, Juan Mata Pavia, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf

We present the first laboratory results of the new generation of time domain near-infrared optical tomography setup, which is based on a time-of-flight 32×32 SPAD camera with high photon detection probability in the NIR range. ...

2018

A Novel 32 x 32, 224 Mevents/s Time Resolved SPAD Image Sensor for Near-Infrared Optical Tomography

Edoardo Charbon, Juan Mata Pavia, Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf

To increase the spatial resolution of near-infrared optical tomography, we successfully designed and tested a 32×32 time-resolved SPAD image sensor with unprecedented sensitivity in the near-infrared and fast image acquisition speed. ...

2018

Optical properties of mice's stool in 550 to 1000 nm wavelength range

Scott Anthony Lindner, Jingjing Jiang, Martin Wolf

2018

Monolithic SPAD Arrays for High-Performance, Time-Resolved Single-Photon Imaging

Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Samuel Burri, Scott Anthony Lindner, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Chunmin Zhang, Martin Wolf, Arin Can Ülkü

SPAD (single-photon avalanche diode) arrays are single-photon sensors, which enable photon counting and unparalleled time-resolved imaging. In this paper, we will detail the architecture and characteristics of three representative SPAD arrays, implemented ...

IEEE2018